UC-NRLF 


EPT, 


LEARN  TO  SPELL 


A    HIGH-SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  BOOK 


By 
L.  W.  PAYNE.  Jr. 


RAND   McNALLY  &   COMPANY 

CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 


Copyright,  1916 
By  L.  W.  Payne,  Jr. 


EDUO         -v  ...   -11 


THE   CONTENTS 


PAGE 

5 

7 

8 

18 

19 

22 


The  Introduction 

Seven  Major  Rules  for  English  Spelling 

The  Rules  Applied  and  Exemplified  . 

Seven  Minor  Rules  for  English  Spelling 

Some  Hints  for  Learners 

A  List  of  Words  Frequently  Misspelled 
Practice  Exercises  Illustrating  Rules  for  Spelling       30 
Practice  Lists  of  Words  Often  Misspelled   (by  Sub- 
jects) : 

Arts  and  Sciences: 

Agriculture 50 

Biology  and  Zoology    ..........  52 

Botany 53 

Chemistry 54 

Domestic  Science : 

Cooking 55 

Household  Arts  .  56 

Sewing 57 

Economics 59 

Geography  (Descriptive)   .      .      .      ...      .      .      .      .60 

Physical  Geography 62 

Geology 63 

Government  (Civics) 64 

History : 

American  History     . 66 

Ancient  History 67 

Medieval  History 69 

Modern  European  History 70 

General  History  Terms        '.      .      .      .71 

54l3!>47 


4  THE    CONTENTS 

Mathematics :  page 

Algebra 73 

Arithmetic 74 

Geometry 75 

Music 76 

Physics 78 

Physiology .79 

Language  and  Literature: 

American  Literature 81 

English  Literature 83 

General  Literary  and  Critical  Terms 85 

Grammar  and  Rhetoric 87 

Professional  and  Special: 

Aeroplane,  Motorboat,  and  Automobile       ....  88 

Biblical 89 

Business 90 

Education 92 

Engineering : 

Architectural  Engineering 93 

Civil  Engineering .      .      .      .93 

Electrical  Engineering 94 

Mechanical  Engineering 94 

General  Engineering  Terms 95 

Law 96 

Manual  Arts 98 

Military  Tactics 100 

Mythology 102 

Special  Lists  for  Other  Subjects 104 

A  General  List  of  Words  Often  Misspelled     .      .      .  105 

Suggestions  to  Teachers      . •      .142 


THE   INTRODUCTION 

Superintendents  and  principals  are  beginning  to  realize  that 
spelling  must  be  part  of  the  high-school  curriculum.  Every 
teacher  knows  that  many  pupils  who  have  finished  the  course 
in  spelling  required  in  the  grammar  school  and  have,  as  they 
suppose,  put  the  subject  definitely  away,  are  wofully  deficient 
in  spelling  when  they  take  up  their  work  in  the  high  school.  This 
deficiency  is  revealed  in  written  work  when  the  pupil  is  uncon- 
scious that  his  ability  to  spell  is  under  test.  When  these  pupils 
finish  the  high-school  course  with  only  the  desultory  and  inade- 
quate methods  of  training  in  spelling  usually  in  practice  there, 
they  enter  college  or  take  up  everyday  business  and  social  life 
with  little  ability  to  spell  correctly. 

Since  every  person  who  pretends  to  be  moderately  well  edu- 
cated should  be  able  to  spell  his  native  language  with  a  fair  degree 
of  accuracy  and  consistency,  it  is  evident  that  spelling  must  be 
continued  as  a  practical  study  in  the  high  school.  The  diffi- 
culties of  English  spelling  are  so  great  that  good  results  cannot 
be  obtained  through  incidental  instruction  in  connection  with 
other  studies.  The  solution  of  the  problem  is  a  reestablishment 
of  the  daily  spelling  exercise.  In  the  high  school,  however,  there 
should  be  more  intense  study  of  word  formation,  word  history, 
and  word  analysis,  and  more  scrutiny  by  each  student  of  the  words 
misspelled  by  him  in  his  daily  written  exercises. 

Learn  to  Spell  has  been  prepared  for  use  as  a  textbook  for 
regular  class  work  in  the  high  school,  and  also  as  a  handbook  for 
the  individual  use  of  each  high-school  pupil.  By  applying  the 
rules  given  in  it,  by  recording  his  own  errors  on  its  pages,  and 
by  checking  up  his  own  working  vocabulary  day  by  day,  the  stu- 
dent may  become  the  conscious  master  of  the  intricacies  and 
vagaries  of  English  spelling,  whether  of  words  in  the  average 
working  vocabulary  of  everyday  life  or  in  any  special  vocabulary 
of  trade  or  profession. 

One  of  the  most  troublesome  factors  in  the  spelling  problem 
is  the  repetition  of  common  errors.  What  so  appals  us  when  we 
contemplate  the  bad  spelling  in  our  schools  is  not  so  much  the 
number  of  words  misspelled,  as  the  number  of  times  certain 
familiar  words  are  repeatedly  misspelled.  Such  words  as  led, 
lose,  their,  there,  coming,  truly,  across,  disappear,  disappoint,  sepa- 
rate, preparation  are  misspelled  so  frequently  that  the  teacher  is 
surprised  if  one  or  more  of  them  is  not  repeatedly  misspelled  in 


6  THE    INTRODUCTION 

the  average  theme.  A  method  of  study  which  concentrates  the 
pupil's  attention  on  these  common  errors  will,  we  believe,  more 
than  half  solve  the  spelling  problem. 

But  it  is  not  enough  to  advise  a  pupil  to  buy  a  spelling  book, 
and  to  study  individually  to  improve  his  spelling.  It  is  clear  to 
practical  and  experienced  superintendents  that  to  make  work  in 
spelling  effective,  a  class  spelling  book  must  be  adopted,  regular 
periods  set  apart  for  recitations  in  spelling,  and  certain  teachers 
chosen  who  are  to  be  responsible  for  the  spelling  exercises. 

The  teachers  of  English  are  naturally  more  directly  interested 
in  the  spelling  problem  than  any  other  members  of  the  high- 
school  faculty,  and  usually  are  chosen  to  handle  the  spelling  classes. 
But  the  English  teachers  alone  should  not  be  held  responsible 
for  the  spelling  ability  of  high-school  pupils.  Unless  the  super- 
intendent or  principal  works  for  the  united  and  cooperative  effort 
of  the  entire  faculty,  the  spelling  problem  in  the  high  school  will 
still  remain  to  a  great  degree  unsolved.  The  teacher  of  mathe- 
matics, the  teacher  of  history,  of  languages,  of  sciences,  of  tech- 
nical arts,  all  should  be  held  responsible,  both  for  the  special 
vocabularies  in  their  subjects  and  for  the  general  vocabulary 
used  by  the  pupils  in  all  their  work. 

English  spelling  is  so  inconsistent  and  so  illogical  that  it  is 
extremely  difficult  to  arrange  the  subject  on  any  systematic  or 
scientific  basis.  Any  rules  that  may  be  formulated  are  so  loaded 
down  with  exceptions  that  they  practically  fall  of  their  own  weight. 
But  in  spite  of  this  serious  difficulty  every  reasonable  effort  must 
be  made  to  give  high-school  pupils  a  thorough  training  in  spelling. 
Moreover,  we  must  deal  with  the  problem  of  our  spelling  as  it  is, 
and  not  on  the  theoretical  basis  of  what  it  ought  to  be.  We 
must  treat  it  logically  as  far  as  we  can,  and  make  it  an  exercise 
of  the  thinking  powers  by  requiring  our  students  to  apply  such 
rules  as  can  be  formulated  now,  keeping  always  in  mind  the  ideal 
of  a  gradual  reform  or  simplification  of  our  present  system  of 
notation. 

L.  W.  Payne,  Jr. 
Austin,  Texas 
April,  1916 


LEARN  TO  SPELL 


PART   ONE 


SEVEN  MAJOR  RULES  FOR  ENGLISH  SPELLING 

Rule  I.  In  general,  when  two  or  more  spellings  are  in  use, 
choose  the  simpler  or  more  accurately  phonetic  form. 

Rule  II.  Monosyllables  and  words  accented  on  the  final  syllable, 
ending  in  a  single  consonant  preceded  by  a  single  vowel,  double 
the  final  consonant  before  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel. 

Rule  III.  Words  ending  in  silent  e  usually  drop  the  e  before  a 
suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel,  but  not  usually  before  a  suffix 
beginning  with  a  consonant. 

Rule  IV.  Words  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  consonant  usually 
change  the  y  to  i  before  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  consonant,  and 
before  all  suffixes  beginning  with  vowels  except  those  in  i;  but 
words  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  vowel  do  not  usually  change 
the  y  to  i. 

Rule  V.  Words  spelled  with  the  diphthongs  ei  and  ie  must  be 
carefully  distinguished,  the  rule  being  that  ei  follows  c,  and  ie 
follows  I  and  most  of  the  other  consonants. 

Rule  VI.  Words  ending  in  -ede  and  -eed,  from  the  Latin  cedere, 
must  be  carefully  distinguished,  the  words  exceed,  proceed,  succeed 
being  spelled  -eed,  and  all  others  -ede. 

Rule  VII.  Words  that  are  derived  from  the  Latin  and  the 
French  frequently  retain  the  forms  shown  in  the  original 
language. 

7 


8  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

The  Rules  Applied  and  Exemplified 

il  V  '    .*  ■  '    '  - 

Rule  1 .  I  ft  general,  when  two  or  more  spellings  are  in  use, 

choose  the  simpler  or  more  accurately  phonetic  form. 

i .  In  words  ending  in  -er  or  -re,  like  fiber,  fibre;  meter,  metre; 
theater,  theatre,  etc.,  prefer  the  forms  in  -er. 

2.  In  words  ending  in  -or  or  -our,  like  honor,  honour;  neighbor, 
neighbour;  parlor,  parlour;  Savior,  Saviour;  valor,  valour,  etc., 
prefer  the  forms  in  -or. 

Also  in  other  words  spelled  -o-  or  -ou-,  as  mold,  mould;  molt, 
moult;  smolder,  smoulder,  etc.,  prefer  the  forms  in  -o-. 

3.  In  words  ending  in  silent  e  where  the  final  e  does  not  assist 
in  determining  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  vowel  sound  in  the 
preceding  syllable,  as  adz,  adze;  ax,  axe;  composit,  composite; 
develop,  develope;  envelop,  envelope;  preterit,  preterite;  wo,  woe,  etc., 
prefer  the  forms  without  the  e. 

4.  Similarly  in  words  ending  in  -id  or  -ide,  -in  or  -ine,  as  anti- 
toxin, antitoxine;  bromid,  bromide;  glycerin,  glycerine;  oxid,  oxide, 
etc.,  prefer  the  shorter  forms. 

5.  In  words  ending  in  -g  or  -gue,  -m  or  -mme,  -t  or  -tte,  as  catalog, 
catalogue;  decalog,  decalogue;  pedagog,  pedagogue;  gram,  gramme; 
program,  programme;  cigar et,  cigarette;  coquet,  coquette;  etiquet, 
etiquette;  quartet,  quartette;  sextet,  sextette,. etc.,  prefer  the  shorter 
and  simpler  forms. 

6.  In  words  ending  in  -ze  or  -se  which  are  pronounced  with  the 
sonant  or  s-sound  of  s,  as  apprize,  apprise;  catechize,  catechise; 
civilization,  civilisation;  criticize,  criticise;  gloze,  glose;  raze,  rase, 
etc.,  prefer  the  forms  in  ze. 

7.  In  words  spelled  with  5  or  c  which  have  the  surd  or  sibilant 
sound  of  5  (as  in  hiss),  like  defense,  defence;  license,  licence;  prac- 
tise, practice;  pretense,  pretence;  offense,  offence,  etc.,  prefer  the 
forms  in  s. 

8.  In  words  spelled  with  the  simple  vowel  e  or  the  digraphs  ce 
and  03  (now  usually  printed  ae,  oe),  like  esthetic,  aesthetic;  ency- 
clopedia, encyclopaedia;  maneuver,  manoeuvre;  medieval,  mediaeval, 
etc.,  prefer  the  forms  in  e. 

9.  In  words  beginning  with  in-  or  en-,  as  inclose,  enclose; 
indorse,   endorse;   intrench,   entrench,    prefer   the    forms   in    in-. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  9 

io.  In  words  spelled  with /  or  ph  (usually  from  the  Greek),  like 
fantasy,  phantasy;  sulfur,  sulphur,  etc.,  prefer  the  forms  in/. 

Note. — The  advocates  of  simplified  spelling  write/  for  ph  in 
many  additional  words  of  this  class,  as  alfabet,  dijtheria,  dijthong, 
telefone,  telegraf,  etc. 

ii.  In  words  spelled  -aft  or  -aught,  like  draft,  draught,  prefer  the 
forms  in  -aft. 

12.  In  words  spelled  -ow  or  -ough,  like  plow,  plough,  prefer  the 
forms  in  -ow. 

13.  Of  preterits  in  -t  or  -ed,  like  blest,  blessed;  drest,  dressed; 
stopt,  stopped,  etc.,  the  forms  in  -t  are  in  use,  especially  among  the 
poets,  and  may  be  preferred  to  the  forms  in  -ed,  though  the  latter 
are  in  more  general  use. 

14.  In  words  ending  in  a  double  consonant  or  a  silent  e  followed 
by  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  consonant  and  spelled  in  two  ways, 
like  acknowledgment,  acknowledgement;  dulness,  dullness;  fulfilment, 
fulfillment;  fulness,  fullness;  judgment,  judgement;  skilful,  skillful; 
thraldom,  thralldom;  woful,  woeful,  etc.,  prefer  the  shorter  forms. 

15.  In  many  words  which  have  two  spellings,  like  bans,  banns; 
bur,  burr;  distil,  distill;  fulfil,  fulfill;  instil,  instill;  pur,  purr; 
whisky,  whiskey,  etc.,  prefer  the  shorter  and  simpler  forms. 

Note. — Many  writers  now  prefer  the  forms  tho,  thoro,  thoroly, 
thru,  to  though,  thorough,  thoroughly,  through.  The  Simplified 
Spelling  Board  has  long  recognized  these  forms,  but  they  have 
not  as  yet  been  accepted  by  the  general  public.  The  Simplified 
Spelling  Board  also  recommends  the  dropping  of  silent  letters  in 
such  words  as 

hearken,   harken;   heart,  hart;   head,  hed;   spread,  spred; 

meant,  ment,  etc.;  doubt,  dout;  debt,  det;  debtor,  detter; 

indebted,  indetted,  etc.;  crumb,  crum;  dumb,  dum;  lamb, 

lam;   limb,   Urn,   etc.;   autumn,   autum;   column,   colum; 

solemn,  solem,  etc. ;  aisle,  aile;  island,  Hand;  isle,  He,  etc. ; 

aimed,  aimd;  burned,  burnd;  hanged,  hangd,  etc.;  active, 

activ;    adjective,    adjectiv;    native,    nativ,    etc.;   examine, 

examin;  imagine,  imagin,  etc. ;  agile,  agil;  fragile,  fragil; 

sterile,  steril,  etc.;  have,  hav;  give,  giv;  live,  liv;  are,  ar; 

gone,  gon;  shall,  shal;  will,  wil,  etc. 


10  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

In  words  ending  in  -ice,  pronounced  -is,  the  Board  recommends 
the  changing  of  ce  to  s,  as  in 

artifice,    artifis;    edifice,    edifis;    justice,    justis;    practice, 

practis,  etc. 
But  the  majority  of  these  changes  are  as  yet  accepted  only  by 
professed  spelling  reformers.  Those  who  desire  to  adopt  all  the 
reforms  recommended  by  the  Simplified  Spelling  Board  should 
apply  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  at  i  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  for  a  copy  of  the  full  list  of  suggested  changes. 

Rule  II.  Monosyllables  and  words  accented  on  the 
final  syllable,  ending  in  a  single  consonant  pre- 
ceded by  a  single  vowel,  double  the  final  consonant 
before  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel. 

Thus  red  is  a  monosyllable  and  ends  with  the  single  consonant  d 
preceded  by  the  single  vowel  e;  hence  before  the  suffixes  -er,  -est, 
-ish  the  final  consonant  is  doubled,  as  in  redder,  reddest,  reddish. 

In  read,  however,  the  d  is  preceded  by  the  diphthong  ea;  hence 
before  the  suffixes  -er,  -ing  the  final  consonant  is  not  doubled,  as  in 
reader,  reading;  and  in  words  like  fast,  talk,  tall,  the  two  consonants 
would  be  retained  but  not  doubled,  as  in  fasting,  talked,  taller. 

In  begin  the  accent  is  on  the  final  syllable,  and  the  final  syllable 
ends  in  a  single  consonant  preceded  by  a  single  vowel;  hence 
before  the  suffixes  -er  and  -ing  the  n  is  doubled,  as  in  beginner, 
beginning,  two  very  commonly  misspelled  words. 

In  benefit  the  accent  does  not  fall  on  the  final  syllable,  but  on 
the  first  syllable;  hence  we  spell  benefited,  benefiting,  two  words 
which  are  also  very  frequently  misspelled.  In  fitted,  fitting,  the 
t  is  doubled  because  the  monosyllable  fit  meets  all  the  conditions 
of  the  rule. 

In  deter,  occur,  prefer,  refer,  etc.,  all  the  conditions  of  the  rule 
are  met,  and  we  spell  deterred,  occurred,  preferring,  referring,  etc. 
But  in  preference,  reference,  preferable,  referable,  the  accent  shifts 
to  the  first  syllable,  and  hence  the  final  consonant  is  not  doubled. 
In  deterrent,  occurrence,  however,  the  original  accent  is  retained 
and  hence  the  r  is  doubled. 

In  differ,  offer,  proffer,  etc.,  words  having  the  same  root  syllable 
as  those  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  the  accent  falls  on  the  first 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  11 

syllable ;  hence  we  spell  different,  difference,  offered,  offering,  proffer- 
ing, etc.,  the  final  r  being  not  doubled. 

In  interfere  the  accent  falls  on  the  final  syllable,  but  the  word 
does  not  end  in  a  consonant;  so  we  have  interfered,  interfering, 
interference. 

In  chagrin,  from  the  French,  all  the  conditions  of  the  rule  are 
met,  but  the  final  consonant  is  not  doubled  in  chagrined,  chagrin- 
ing. Compare  with  this  the  English  form,  shagreen,  which  shows 
a  double  vowel  preceding  the  final  consonant.  Compare  also  the 
English  form  grin,  an  entirely  different  root,  which  conforms  to 
the  rule  in  grinned,  grinning. 

Similarly  the  words  excellence,  excellent,  etc.,  from  excel,  are 
exceptions  to  the  rule,  but  the  violation  of  the  rule  in  this  series 
of  words  is  due  largely  to  the  influence  of  the  French  and  Latin 
forms,  which  uniformly  show  two  Vs. 

Several  exceptions  to  the  rule  occur  in  words  made  up  of  two 
distinct  or  partially  repeated  elements,  as  in  flimflammed,  hum- 
bugged, wigwagging,  zigzagged,  etc. 

In  combatant,  combated,  diagramed,  kidnaped,  kidnaper,  etc.,  the 
primary  accent  properly  falls  on  the  first  syllable,  and  hence  the 
final  consonants  should  not  be  doubled.  Kidnaped  is  also  spelled 
kidnapped,  especially  in  England.     Cf.  Stevenson's  Kidnapped. 

The  word  gas  has  only  one  5  in  the  singular,  though  by  analogy 
with  many  other  words,  like  glass,  mass,  pass,  etc.,  it  is  frequently 
misspelled  with  two.  The  plural  gases  is  also  an  exception  to  Rule 
II  in  that  the  s  is  not  doubled  before  the  suffix  -es.  Compare 
also  gaseous,  gasify;  but  gassy,  gassing,  etc.,  conform  to  the  rule. 

In  applying  the  rule,  observe  that  x  is  in  reality  a  double  con- 
sonant, being  equivalent  to  ks;  hence  words  ending  in  x  never 
double  the  final  consonant,  as  in  boxes,  boxing,  etc. 

Observe  also  that  u  following  q  is  not  a  vowel  but  a  consonant, 
qu  being  equivalent  to  kw;  hence  in  such  words  as  quiz,  quit,  the 
rule  applies,  and  we  have  quizzes,  quizzed,  quitter,  quitting,  etc. 
But  in  queer,  quiet,  etc.,  two  vowels  immediately  precede  the  final 
consonant  in  the  first,  and  the  accent  does  not  fall  on  the  final 
syllable  in  the  other,  and  we  have  queerest,  quieting,  etc. 

Observe  also  that  w  (originally  double  v  or  w)  is  sometimes 
a  vowel  and  sometimes  a  consonant.     Final  w  is  uniformly  a 


12  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

vowel,  and  hence  would  never  be  doubled  in  such  words  as  allowed, 
allowing,  lowing,  thawing. 

In  derivatives  from  words  ending  in  /  and  p,  two  spellings  are 
frequently  found,  as  jeweler,  jeweller;  kidnaped,  kidnapped;  traveler, 
traveller;  traveling,  travelling;  woolen,  woollen;  worshiped,  worshipped, 
etc.  In  such  cases  it  is  better  to  follow  the  rule  and  use  the 
simpler  forms  consistently. 

Rule  III.  Words  ending  in  a  silent  "e"  usually  drop  the 
"e"  before  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel,  but  not 
usually  before  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  consonant. 
.  Examples  showing  the  omission  of  the  final  e:  come,  coming; 
ensue,  ensuing;  love,  loving,  lovable;  move,  moving,  movable;  pursue, 
pursuing;  quibble,  quibbling,  quibbler;  rise,  rising;  state,  stating; 
unmistakably,  etc. 

Examples  showing  the  retention  of  the  final  e:  careless;  dovelike; 
lonely;  lovely,  loveless;  movement;  pureness;  stately,  statement,  etc. 
Exceptions  : 

i.  In  words  from  the  French  ending  in  soft  -ce  (the  sibilant 
sound  of  s)  and  soft  -ge  (the  sound  of  dj),  the  final  e  is  retained 
before  suffixes  beginning  with  a,  o,  u,  but  not  before  suffixes 
beginning  with  e,  i,  y;  as  in  changeable,  manageable,  noticeable, 
serviceable,  advantageous,  courageous,  outrageous,  etc.;  but  changing, 
managing,  manager,  noticing,  etc. 

Note. — The  reason  for  this  is  that  c  and  g  before  the  vowels 
a,  o,  u  usually  have  the  hard  sounds  of  k  and  g  respectively,  as  in 
the  words  cat  and  go,  and  hence  the  final  e  is  retained  to  preserve 
the  soft  sounds;  in  suffixes  beginning  with  e,  i,  y,  the  soft 
sounds  of  c  and  g  are  naturally  retained,  and  hence  the  final  e 
may  be  dropped. 

In  words  like  singeing  from  singe,  swingeing  from  swinge,  tingeing 
from  tinge,  twingeing  from  twinge,  etc.,  the  e  is  retained  in  order 
to  distinguish  these  words  from  singing  from  sing,  swinging  from 
swing,  etc. 

Similarly  in  words  ending  in  oe,  like  hoeing,  shoeing,  toeing, 
the  e  is  retained  in  order  to  preserve  the  identity  of  the  words 
and  also  in  order  to  indicate  the  quality  of  the  preceding  vowel 
sounds. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  13 

2.  The  following  words  drop  the  silent  e  before  a  suffix  beginning 
with  a  consonant:  duly,  truly,  wholly,  argument,  awful,  nursling, 
wisdom,  abridgment,  acknowledgment,  judgment,  lodgment. 

The  last  four  may  also  be  spelled  with  the  e,  though  the  simpler 
forms  are  preferable. 

Rule  IV.  Words  ending  in  "y"  preceded  by  a  consonant 
usually  change  the  "y"  to  "i"  before  a  suffix  begin- 
ning with  a  consonant,  and  before  all  suffixes 
beginning  with  vowels  except  those  in  ui" ;  but  words 
ending  in  "y"  preceded  by  a  vowel  do  not  usually 
change  the  "yM  to  "i.M 


Plurals  of  common  nouns :  fancy,  fancies;  lily,  lilies,  etc. 

But  plurals  of  proper  nouns  generally  retain  the  y  unchanged, 
as  "the  three  Marys" \  "the  two  Henrys." 

Third  person  singular  of  the  present  and  the  past  tense  of  verbs : 
cry,  cries,  cried;  reply,  replies,  replied;  try,  tries,  tried,  etc. 

Comparative  and  superlative  forms  of  adjectives  and  adverbs: 
busy,  busier,  busiest;  early,  earlier,  earliest,  etc. 

Derivatives  in  -age,  -al,  -fid,  -hood,  -less,  -ly,  -ment,  -ness,  etc.: 
carriage,  marriage;  burial,  trial;  beautiful,  pitiful;  hardihood,  likeli- 
hood; fanciless,  pitiless;  merrily,  sleepily;  accompaniment,  merriment; 
business,  stinginess,  etc. 

Derivatives  in  -ing  retain  the  y  to  prevent  two  $-s  coming 
together,  as  in  burying,  marrying,  trying,  etc. 

Words  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  vowel  do  not  usually  change 
the  y  to  i,  as  in  chimneys,  delays,  delayed,  decoys,  employs, 
monkeys,   monkeying,   says,   etc. 

But  laid,  paid,  said,  are  exceptions.  Stay  shows  both  forms, 
stayed  and  staid. 

In  words  like  colloquy,  soliloquy,  the  u  is  not  really  a  vowel,  but 
a  consonant,  the  qu  being  equivalent  to  kw.  Hence  the  plurals 
are  colloquies,  soliloquies. 

In  compound  words  made  up  of  two  substantives,  the  y  is 
usually  retained  before  the  second  component,  as  in  babyhood, 
clergyman,  copyright,  etc. 

Before  the  ending  -ous  many  words  change  the  y  to  e,  as  in 
beauteous,  duteous,  piteous,  etc. 


14  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

Rule  V.  Words  spelled  with  the  diphthongs  "ei"  and 
"ie"  must  be  carefully  distinguished,  the  rule  being 
that  %iei"  follows  "cf  and  uie"  follows  "Z"  and 
most  of  the  other  consonants. 

The  most  common  source  of  error  in  these  words  is  the  confusion 
of  those  spelled  -ceive  and  -lieve  and  their  derivatives.  The 
key  word  lice  has  been  used  from  time  immemorial  to  indicate 
that  i  follows  I  and  e  follows  c  in  words  of  this  kind.  Glacier  is 
sometimes  noted  as  an  exception,  but  in  reality  the  i  and  e  are 
separate  vowel  sounds  and  not  a  true  diphthong  in  this  and  simi- 
larly formed  words,  such  as  fancier,  financier,  species,  etc.  The 
only  familiar  exception  where  e  precedes  the  i  after  I  is  in  leisure. 

Another  well-known  mnemonic  device  to  cover  a  large  number 
of  ei  and  ie  words  is  the  following  rime: 

"I  before  e 
Except  after  c, 
Or  when  sounded  as  a, 

As  in  neighbor  and  weigh." 

Some  words  which  fall  under  this  rule  are  besiege,  bier,  chief, 
field,  fiend,  fierce,  friend,  grief,  pier,  pierce,  siege,  sieve,  thief,  tier, 
wield,  yield. 

But  there  are  many  exceptions  to  this  rimed  rule,  the  most 
familiar  of  which  are  either,  neither;  foreign,  sovereign;  height, 
sleight;  heir,  leisure,  seize,  sheik,  weird. 

Rule  VI.  Words  in  "-ede"  and  "-eed"  from  the  Latin 
"cedere,"  must  be  carefully  distinguished,  the  words 
\  \  exceed, "  ' '  proceed, M  "  succeed ' '  being  spelled 
"-eed"  and  all  others  "-ede." 

A  good  mnemonic  device  for  grouping  the  three  words  spelled 
-eed  is  the  following  rimed  motto : 

"If  you  wish  to  succeed  in  learning  to  spell, 
Proceed  to  exceed  even  those  who  do  well." 

The  verbal  derivatives  of  these  three  words  are  spelled  -eed  also; 
but  strangely  enough  the  derivative  noun  procedure  has  only  one  e. 
In  the  nouns  excess,  process,  success,  and  their  derivatives,  the 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  15 

vowel  is  short,  and  hence  the  double  vowel  of  the  original  is  not 
retained. 

Some  familiar  words  in  -ede  are  accede,  ante  cede,  cede,  concede, 
intercede,  precede,  recede,  retrocede,  secede. 

Note  particularly  that  supersede  is  from  a  different  root  (Latin 
super,  above,  and  sedere,  to  sit),  and  hence  is  spelled  with  an  s 
instead  of  a  c. 

Rule  VII.  Words  that  are  derived  from  the  Latin  and 
the  French  frequently  retain  the  forms  shown  in  the 
original  language. 

i.  Derivatives  in  -able  and  -ible,  -ant  and  -ent,  -ance  and  -ence, 
from  the  Latin,  usually  show  the  -a-  forms  in  words  derived  from 
verbs  of  the  first  or  -are  conjugation,  and  the  -i-  and  -e-  forms 
from  verbs  of  the  other  three  conjugations. 

Thus  abundance,  abundant,  are  derived  directly  from  the  Latin 
abundantia,  abundans  (-ntis),  from  abundare,  to  overflow;  laudable, 
from  the  Latin  laudabilis,  from  laudare,  to  praise,  etc. 

Credible  is  derived  from  Latin  credibilis,  from  credere,  to  believe; 
coherence,  coherent,  cohesible,  from  Latin  cohaerere,  to  stick,  etc.; 
dependence,  dependent  from  Latin  dependentia,  de pendens. {-ntis), 
from  dependere,  to  hang  from. 

Numerous  exceptions  to  this  rule  occur,  many  of  them  due  to  the 
intermediate  forms  in  the  French,  and  many  others  to  the  fact 
that  the  derivatives  are  made  directly  from  the  English  words  and 
not  from  the  original  Latin.  Most  of  the  derivatives  formed 
directly  from  English  words  show  the  -a-  forms. 

The  forms  confidant  (noun  masculine)  and  confidante  (noun 
feminine)  are  taken  directly  from  the  French;  but  the  English 
forms  confident,  confidence,  conform  to  the  rule,  being  regularly  de- 
rived from  the  Latin  confidens,  confidentia,  from  confidere,  to  confide. 

2.  Latin  prefixes  demand  careful  attention. 

Avoid  confusion  of  prefixes  which  sound  alike,  as  for  instance: 
ac-  (for  ad,  to)       ante-  (before)      dis-  (apart)  per-  (through) 

ex-  (from,  away)    anti-  (against)    de-  (from,  about)  pre-  (before) 

The  following  are  examples  illustrating  this  warning : 

accept  antedate  discover,  divide  perform,  perhaps 

except  antidote  describe,  devise  preserve,  pretend 


16 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


Words  having  prefixes  (Latin  or  English)  ending  in  the  same 
consonant  as  that  with  which  the  stem  or  primitive  begins,  usually 
show  double  consonants;  and  frequently  the  final  consonants  of 
Latin  prefixes  change  under  the  influence  of  the  initial  consonant 
of  the  stem  so  as  to  show  a  double  consonant ;  as  in 
accede  (Latin  ad  +  cedere) 

accommodate  (Latin  ad  +  commodore) 

adduce  (Latin  ad  +  ducere) 

collect  (Latin  con  {cum)  +  legere) 

(Latin  con  {cum)  +  nectere) 
(Latin  di{s)  +  lapidare:  note  that  dis  some- 
times becomes  di  before  stems  beginning 
with  b,  d,  g,  j,  I,  m,  *,  r,  v) 
(Latin  dis  +  satis  +  facer e) 
(Latin  dis  +  secare) 
(Latin  ex  +  ad  -f-  gerere) 
(Latin  in  +  legalis) 
(Latin  in  +  natus) 
(Latin  inter  +  rogare) 
(Latin  inter  +  rumpere) 
(English  mis  -j-  sent) 
(English  mis  -f-  spell) 
(English  over  +  ride) 
(Latin  sub  +  cedere) 
(English  under  +  rate) 

Similarly,  words  having  suffixes  (English  or  Latin)  beginning 
with  the  same  consonant  as  that  with  which  the  stem  or  primitive 
ends,  usually  show  a  doubled  consonant;  as  in 

drunkenness  comically  formally  soulless 

thinness  finally  really  tailless 

Note  that  it  is  rarely  advisable  to  run  three  identical  consonants 
together.     Compare  dull,  dully;  full,  fully. 

On  the  other  hand,  Latin  stems  beginning  with  a  vowel  never 
show  a  double  consonant  when  a  prefix  is  attached;  as 
disappear  inundate 

disappoint  misapplied 

inoculate  misinformed 


connect 
dilapidate 


dissatisfy 

dissect 

exaggerate 

illegal 

innate 

interrogate 

interrupt 

missent 

misspell 

override 

succeed 

underrate 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


17 


Note  also  that  Latin  prefixes  ending  in  a  vowel  never  show  a 
double  consonant  immediately  following.  Occasionally  a  double 
vowel  will  occur  in  such  words  as  coordinate,  reenter,  coeducational. 
These  and  similar  words  are  sometimes  hyphenated  or  written 
with  a  diaeresis  over  the  second  vowel,  as  co-ordinate,  reenter;  but 
the  simpler  form  is  preferable  in  most  cases. 

3.  Words  like  annually  (Latin  annus),  belligerent  (Latin  bellum  -\- 
gerens),  definite  (Latin  de  +  finis),  dissipate  (Latin  dissipare), 
preparation,  separate  (Latin  par  are),  etc.,  would  rarely  be  mis- 
spelled if  the  student  could  recall  the  original  Latin  forms. 

4.  Many  words  from  the  French  retain  the  original  spelling  and 
pronunciation.     The  following  is  a  partial  list: 


attache 

elite 

naive 

beau,  pi. 

beaux 

encore 

nee 

cafe 

entree 

papier-mache 

clientele 

expose 

questionnaire 

confrere 

facade 

regime 

creche 

fete 

resume 

debris 

habitue 

role 

debut 

jardiniere 

soiree 

decollete 

litterateur 

tete-d-tete 

denouement 

matinee 

vers  de  societe 

18  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

SEVEN  MINOR  RULES  FOR  ENGLISH  SPELLING 

i.  In  words  ending  in  c,  insert  a  k  before  suffixes  beginning  in 
e,  i,  or  y,  in  order  to  preserve  the  hard  or  k  sound  of  c;  as  in 
bivouac,  bivouacked;  colic,  colicky;  panic,  panicky;  picnic,  picnickers, 
picnicking;  traffic,  trafficked;  but  in  words  where  the  c  in  the 
derivatives  becomes  soft,  the  k  is  not  inserted,  as  in  music, 
musician;  physic,  physician,  physicist;  public,  publicist,  ptiblicity. 

2.  Verbs  ending  in  ie  usually  drop  the  e  and  change  the  i  to  y 
before  a  suffix  beginning  with  i,  as  in  die,  dying;  lie,  lying;  tie, 
tying,  etc. 

3.  Words  in  -ea-  and  -ee-  should  be  carefully  distinguished. 
Note  the  following: 

bleach  beach beech  beseech 

peach  leak leek  bleed 

preach  read reed  breed 

squeal  speak speech  seek 

weal  steal steel  sleeve 

4.  Conventional  signs,  like  the  hyphen  (-);  the  apostrophe  ('); 
the  acute  ('),  grave  ( v),  and  circumflex  (A)  accents;  the  tilde  ("); 
the  cedilla(J,  the  diaeresis( "),  etc.,  should  be  carefully  preserved 
in  spelling. 

•  The  most  common  errors  of  this  type  occur  in  the  use  or  misuse 
of  the  apostrophe  and  the  hyphen.  Reference  to  some  good  dic- 
tionary or  work  on  language  should  be  made  by  those  who  are  not 
familiar  with  the  rules  for  the  use  of  these  signs. 

5.  All  words  ending  in  o  preceded  by  a  vowel,  and  all  musical 
terms  and  most  other  words  ending  in  o  preceded  by  a  consonant, 
form  their  plurals  by  adding  s;  but  the  following  familiar  words 
add  es:  buffaloes,  calicoes,  cargoes,  desperadoes,  dominoes,  echoes, 
heroes,  manifestoes,  mosquitoes,  mottoes,  mulattoes,  negroes,  noes, 
potatoes,  tomatoes,  torpedoes,  volcanoes. 

Some  words  ending  in  o  show  two  plurals,  as  peccadilloes,  pecca- 
dillos.    In  such  cases  the  better  rule  is  to  adopt  the  form  in  -os. l 

6.  Some  words  ending  in/  or  fe  form  their  plurals  and  some  of 
their  derivatives  by  changing  the  f  to  v.     The  most  familiar  of 

1  Some  dictionaries  record  two  plurals  for  buffalo,  calico,  cargo,  desperado,  domino,  volcano; 
but  the  forms  in  -oes  are  in  more  general  use.  The  plural  dominos  is  used  for  masked 
costume;    the  game  is  always  spelled  dominoes. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  19 

these  are  beef,  beeves;  calf,  calves;  elf,  elves;  half,  halves;  knife,  knives; 
leaf,  leaves;  life,  lives;  loaf,  loaves;  self,  selves;  sheaf,  sheaves;  staff, 
staves  (or  staffs);  thief,  thieves;  wife,  wives;  wharf,  wharves  (or 
wharfs);  wolf,  wolves. 

Compare  also  twelve  and  twelfth,  five  and  fifth,  etc. 

7.  Note  carefully  all  obscure  vowels.  Perhaps  the  most  insidi- 
ous of  all  spelling  errors  is  the  substitution  of  obscure  i  and  e  for 
obscure  a,  and  vice  versa.  Examples  are  classicism  (not  class  a- 
cism) ,  separate  (not  seperate) ,  furniture  (not  furnature) ,  accusative 
(not  accusitive),  extravagant  (not  extravigant) ,  sacrifice  (not  sacra- 
fice),  etc. 

Especial  care  should  be  taken  to  discriminate  in  pronouncing 
the  -ar,  -er,  -or,  -ir  (-yr),  -ur,  and  -eur  endings;  as  in  grammar, 
cylinder,  conqueror,  elixir,  martyr,  murmur,  grandeur. 

SOME  HINTS  FOR  LEARNERS 

1.  Look  long  and  closely  at  the  word  you  wish  to  learn;  then 
pronounce  it  correctly  and  distinctly,  giving  full  and  clear  enun- 
ciation to  every  syllable. 

2.  Repeat  the  letters  while  looking  directly  at  the  printed  or 
written  form. 

3 .  Repeat  the  letters  with  your  eyes  closed  or  turned  away  from 
the  printed  or  written  form. 

4.  Write  the  word  five  times  and  compare  your  copy  carefully 
with  the  printed  form. 

5.  Write  one  or  two  sentences,  using  the  word  in  several  differ- 
ent positions  if  possible  and  using  as  many  of  its  inflected  forms 
as  you  can. 

6.  Apply  whatever  rule  you  may  know  that  is  applicable  to  the 
spelling  of  this  particular  word. 

7.  Keep  a  list  of  words  that  you  misspell,  revising  and  reviewing 
this  list  frequently. 

8.  Consult  a  good  dictionary  and  study  the  etymology  of  any 
particular  word  if  this  will  help  you  in  any  way  to  remember  its 
form. 

9.  In  a  series  of  words  on  one  stem,  use  the  stem,  or  determine 
upon  a  key  word,  and  spell  the  derivatives  accordingly;  as  in 


20  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

repetition  (frequently  misspelled  repetition)  the  stem  repeat  or  the 
form  petition  will  give  the  key;  in  preparation  (frequently  mis- 
spelled preperation)  the  key  word  is  prepare. 

10.  Do  not  trust  to  analogous  or  homonymous  forms,  unless 
you  have  carefully  verified  the  words  considered. 

1 1 .  In  the  present  state  of  our  spelling  it  is  not  always  safe  to 
depend  upon  pronunciation,  though  the  student  should  strive  to 
pronounce  every  word  fully  and  correctly.  There  are  more 
anomalous  spellings  in  English  than  in  any  other  modern  language ; 
hence  great  care  should  be  taken  to  memorize  the  forms  showing 
silent  letters  or  variations  in  vowel  sounds  and  consonantal  com- 
binations. 

12.  In  all  oral  or  written  spelling  exercises,  capitals,  accents, 
and  essential  symbols,  especially  in  words  from  a  foreign  language, 
should  be  clearly  indicated. 

13.  Be  especially  careful  to  insert  apostrophes  in  their  correct 
positions.  Much  care  and  study  will  be  required  to  attain  accu- 
racy and  logical  conformity  in  the  use  of  this  symbol.  Form  the 
possessives  of  proper  names  ending  in  5  or  another  sibilant,  if 
monosyllabic,  by  adding  an  apostrophe  and  s;  if  polysyllabic,  an 
apostrophe  only.  If  the  name  ends  in  a  silent  sibilant,  add  an 
apostrophe  and  s:  James's;  Demosthenes' ;  Illinois 's,  Charlevoix's. 

14.  Distinguish  carefully  between  consolidated  words,  hyphen- 
ated words,  and  words  written  separately.  For  example,  inasmuch, 
notwithstanding,  outdoor,  sometimes,  something,  etc.,  are  written 
without  a  break;  son-in-law,  out-of-doors  (adjective),  never-to-be- 
forgotten  (adjective),  good-looking,  etc.,  are  hyphenated;  all  right, 
high  school  (unless  adjectival),  bass  viol  are  written  as  separate 
words ;  subject-matter  is  usually  and  preferably  hyphenated,  though 
some  authorities  still  write  it  as  two  separate  words.  No  one  can 
be  dogmatic  in  forms  of  this  kind,  however,  for  nothing  in  our 
language  is  in  a  more  chaotic  and  unsettled  state  than  the  use 
or  omission  of  hyphens. 

15.  Be  particularly  careful  to  capitalize  adjectives  formed 
from  proper  nouns,  such  as  Christian,  Indian,  Mexican,  Latin, 
American. 

16.  Whenever  you  are  in  doubt  about  a  word,  consult  the 
dictionary  at  once.     Do  not  write  the  word  and  plan  to  revise 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  21 

it  later.     One  is  almost  sure  to  overlook  or  forget.     "Do  it  now" 
is  the  only  safe  motto  in  regard  to  consulting  a  dictionary. 

17.  Be  sure  to  spell  correctly  every  word  which  you  consciously 
add  to  your  working  vocabulary.  Occasionally  it  is  well  to  make 
a  conscious  effort  in  your  composition  work  to  use  new  or  hard 
words,  or  words  which  you  have  previously  misused  or  misspelled. 

18.  Be  careful  to  note  the  differences  between  English  and 
American  usage,  and  in  general  prefer  the  American  where  there 
seem  to  be  both  reason  and  authority  for  these  forms. 

19.  The  study  of  Latin  is  a  valuable  aid  in  acquiring  an  accu- 
rate command  of  English  spelling.  One  who  has  a  knowledge 
of  Latin,  the  source  of  about  one  half  of  our  English  words,  is 
rarely  at  a  loss  as  to  the  spelling  of  Latin  derivatives.  One  might 
almost  say  that  the  quickest  and  surest  way  to  acquire  confidence 
and  accuracy  in  English  spelling  is  to  learn  Latin. 

20.  Some  persons  have  allowed  themselves  to  be  convinced 
that  they  can  never  learn  to  spell,  either  because  they  have  no 
special  aptitude  for  spelling  or  because  they  believe  they  have  an 
inherited  weakness  which  cannot  be  overcome.  This  idea  should 
be  combated,  for  any  person  with  average  intelligence  can  learn 
to  spell  reasonably  well  if  he  determines  definitely  and  positively 
to  do  so,  and  then  conscientiously  and  persistently  directs  all  his 
powers  to  the  accomplishment  of  this  task. 


22  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

A  LIST  OF  WORDS  FREQUENTLY  MISSPELLED 

abbreviation.  Note  the  double  b;  pronounce  each  syllable  care- 
fully. 

accidentally.     Two  c's  and  two  Z's;  do  not  insert  an  i  after  the  t. 

accommodate.     Be  careful  not  to  omit  either  of  the  c'sor  the  m's. 

account.     Note  the  two  c's. 

acquaintance.     Note  the  -ance  ending;  do  not  omit  the  c  in  ac-. 

across.     Do  not  double  the  c  by  analogy  with  account,  etc. 

affect.  Not  to  be  confused  with  effect.  Affect  is  used  only  as  a 
verb;  effect  is  both  noun  and  verb. 

all  right.  Two  separate  words;  sometimes  wrongly  written  as  one 
word,  but  more  frequently  misspelled  alright  by  analogy 
with  altho,  altogether,  always,  etc. 

allusion.  Sometimes  wrongly  spelled  with  one  /,  but  more  fre- 
quently confused  with  illusion. 

analogous.  Keep  in  mind  analogy  and  do  not  put  an  a  in  place 
of  the  first  o. 

analyze.  Note  the  y.  In  England  analyse  is  widely  used.  Com- 
pare analysis,  analytical. 

annually.  Note  the  double  n  from  Latin  annus;  for  the  double  I, 
compare  finally. 

apparatus.     Note  the  two  p's  and  no  e;  not  to  be  used  as  a  plural. 

appearance.     Note  the  two  p's  and  the  -ance  ending;  see  Rule  VII. 

arrive.     Note  the  double  r,  and  compare  arise,  around,  etc. 

assassinate.  Double  the  5  at  both  points,  and  note  the  i.  Com- 
pare assassin,  assassination. 

athletics.  Do  not  mispronounce  or  misspell  by  inserting  a  vowel 
(a  or  e)  before  the  /;  compare  also  athlete. 

balance.  Note  the  single  /;  compare  ballast,  balloon,  etc.,  which 
have  two  /'s. 

beautiful.     Note  the  single  /.     Adjectives  similarly  formed  never 

double  the  final  /  as  in  the  word  full.     Compare  disdainful, 

hateful,   useful,    etc.     Similarly  formed  nouns   also   usually 

show  the  single  consonant,  as  in  cupful,  spoonful. 

Note. — A  variety  of  oral  and  written  exercises  can  be  easily  devised  from 
this  list.  (See  exercises  29  and  30.)  The  teacher  cannot  recur  too  frequently 
to  it.  If  these  words  are  thoroly  mastered  by  every  student,  the  percentage  of 
misspelled  words  in  the  classwork  of  the  entire  schoof  will  be  materially 
reduced. 


LEARN     TO    SPELL  23 

beginning.     Apply  Rule  II  for  doubling  the  final  consonant. 
believe.     Apply  Rule  V  for  words  in  ei  and  ie.     Compare  belief. 
benefited,  benefiting.     From  Latin  bene,  well;  hence  do  not  spell 

beni-.     Also  do  not  double  the  final  t,  because  the  accent  falls 

on  the  first  syllable.     See  Rule  II,  and  compare  fitted,  fitting. 
born.     Do  not  confuse  with  borne.     There  is  no  such  form  as 

borned. 
Burns's.     The  name  is  Burns;  hence  the  possessive  case  would  be 

Burns' s  or  Burns',  but  never  Burn's.     See  Hint  13. 
busy,  business.     Be  careful  not  to  place  an  i  before  the  5  or  omit 

the  i  after  the  5  in  the  derivative  forms.     Apply  Rule  IV. 
chapel.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  -le. 
climactic.     Adjective    formed    from    climax.     Compare   climatic 

from   climate. 
college.     Do  not  insert  a  d.     Compare  knowledge. 
coming.     Do  not  retain  the  final  silent  e  before  -ing.     See  Rule 

III.     Also  do  not  double  the  m. 
comparative.     Do  not  spell  with  an  i  by  analogy  with  comparison. 
comparison.     Note  the  i. 
conscientious.     Pronounce    every    syllable    carefully.     Compare 

conscience,  and  note  the  change  of  the  final  c  to  t  in  -tious. 
Coverley,  Sir  Roger  de.     Do  not  spell  Roger  with  a  d,  and  do  not 

omit  the  e  before  the  y  in  Coverley. 
current.     Note  the  double  r  from  Latin  currere,  to  run.     Compare 

currant,  the  berry. 
definite.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  -ate.     Compare  finite. 
De  Quincey.     Two  separate  words,  both  capitalized;  note  the  e 

before  the  y. 
description.     Do    not    confuse    with    words    in    dis-.     Compare 

describe. 
despair.     From  Latin  de,  from,  +  spes,  hope.     Not  to  be  confused 

with  words  in  dis-. 
Dickens'.     The   correct   form  is  Dickens'   and  not  Dicken's   or 

Dickens's.     See  Hint  13. 
difference.     Note  the  double  /  and  the  -ence  ending.     Do  not 

omit  the  first  e.     Compare  differ,  different. 
disappear.     Note  the  single  5  and  double  p.     Study  the  prefixes 

carefully,  and  see  Rule  VII. 


24  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

disappoint.     Do  not  double  the  s  or  omit  one  of  the  p's. 

dissipate.  From  Latin  dissipare;  hence  do  not  spell  with  one  s 
or  with  an  a  before  the  p. 

divine.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  de-.     See  Rule  VII. 

does  n't.  Note  the  position  of  the  e,  and  do  not  omit  the  apos- 
trophe.    Compare  don't,  is  n't,  wont,  etc. 

ecstasy.  The  older  spelling  extasy  is  now  practically  out  of  use. 
Note  carefully  the  -sy,  not  -cy,  ending. 

eligible.  Do  not  double  the  /.  Distinguish  between  -ible  and 
-able  endings.     See  Rule  VII. 

Eliot,  George.     One  /  and  one  t,  the  simplest  possible  spelling. 

embarrass.     Two  r's  and  two  s's. 

emigration.     Distinguish  from  immigration. 

eminent.     Not  to  be  confused  with  imminent. 

Encyclopaedia  Britannica.  One  t  and  two  ns.  Do  not  double 
the  t.  Compare  Britain,  British,  Britannia,  etc.  The  com- 
mon noun  is  spelled  preferably  encyclopedia,  but  in  reporting 
the  title  of  a  book  the  original  spelling  is  to  be  followed. 

enemies.     Do  not  spell  eni-.     Apply  Rule  IV. 

etc.  An  abbreviation  for  Latin  et  cetera,  "and  others " ;  hence  the 
form  ect.  is  absurd,  and  the. combination  and  etc.  is  ridiculous. 

exaggeration.  Note  the  double  g  and  single  r.  Study  the  pre- 
fixes carefully;  see  Rule  VII. 

exceed.     See  proceed. 

existence.     Apply  Rule  VII  for  -ence  and  -ance  endings. 

extension.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  ~tion. 

farthest.  Do  not  insert  -er  before  -est.  Compare  also  further, 
furthest. 

fiery.     Note  the  word  fire;  in  fiery  the  e  is  shifted  before  the  r. 

finally.  Two  /'s  in  this  and  similar  adverbs  formed  from  adjec- 
tives in  -al.     Compare  formally,  occasionally,  personally,  etc. 

forceful.     Do  not  substitute  an  i  for  the  e. 

forcible.     Do  not  substitute  ea  for  i.     Compare-  also  forcibly. 

forth.     Do  not  confuse  with  fourth. 

government.  Do  not  omit  the  r  or  the  n.  Compare  govern,  and 
note  also  the  -or  ending  in  governor. 

grammar.  Note  the  double  m,  and  do  not  confuse  with  words  in 
-er.     Compare  grammarian,  grammatical,  diagrammatical,  etc. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL  25 

grandeur.     Do  not  spell  -uer  by  analogy  with  words  in  -er. 

height.     Note  the  position  of  the  h's.     Do  not  add  a  final  h. 

horrible.     Note  the  double  r  and  the  -ible  ending.    Compare  horrid. 

humor.     Not  to  be  spelled  -er.     Compare  also  humorous. 

hypocrisy.     Note  carefully  the  ending  -isy.     Compare  hypocrit(e). 

image.  One  m;  do  not  confuse  with  words  having  the  prefix  im-, 
like  immortal,  etc.     Similarly  imagination,  imagine,  etc. 

infinite.     Not  to  be  confused  with  words  in  -ate.     Compare  finite. 

interfering.  The  r  is  not  doubled  before  the  suffix,  but  the  final  e 
is  dropped.  See  Rules  II  and  III.  Compare  also  interfered, 
interference. 

its.     The  pronoun  never  takes  an  apostrophe;  it 's  means  it  is. 

laboratory.  Be  careful  to  preserve  every  syllable.  Compare 
labor. 

Latin.     Note  the  capital  L. 

led.  One  of  the  commonest  of  all  errors  in  spelling  and  one  of 
the  worst,  because  the  word  is  spelled  exactly  as  it  is  pro- 
nounced. The  past  tense  of  the  verb  lead  is  led.  The  noun 
lead,  sl  metal,  is  pronounced  led  also,  and  this  naturally 
causes  confusion.  Also  the  verb  read  is  spelled  r-e-a-d  in  the 
past  tense,  but  is  pronounced  red,  and  by  analogy  this  also 
would  tend  to  lead  one  astray  in  spelling  led,  the  past  tense 
of  lead.     Compare  also  misled  from  mislead. 

library.  Do  not  insert  an  e  before  the  first  r,  as  if  pronounced  in 
four  syllables;  and  do  not  pronounce  or  spell  the  word  libery. 

lightning.  Spell  as  two  syllables,  and  do  not  confuse  with  the 
word  lightening  (pronounced  in  three  syllables),  meaning  a 
becoming  light,  or  a  reducing  of  weight. 

lilies.     There  are  two  /'s  in  lily,  but  not  three.     Apply  Rule  IV. 

lose.  This  is  perhaps  the  most  frequently  misspelled  word  in 
freshman  English.  It  is  almost  always  confused  with  loose, 
meaning  to  set  free,  untie,  etc.  If  one  will  distinguish  between 
the  sonant  or  2-sound  of  5  in  lose,  and  the  surd  or  hissing 
sound  of  5  in  loose,  the  spelling  of  the  two  words  will  become 
perfectly  simple  and  easy.     Compare  also  losing  and  loosing. 

Macaulay.  Note  the  three  a's  and  no  e.  Many  absurd  spellings 
of  this  name  occur  in  high-school  and  college  freshman 
themes,  such  as  McCauly,  McAulay,  Macatdey,  Maccauly. 


26  LEARN     TO    SPELL 

Macbeth.     Such  spellings  as  McBeth,  Mac  Beth,  are  abominable. 
maintenance.     Though  this  comes  from  maintain,  be  careful  not 

to  write  it  maintainance. 
manual.     Not  to  be  confused  with  words  in  -el. 
meant.     The  silent  a  is  a  snare  to  the  unwary  speller. 
mischievous.     Pronounce  in  three  syllables,  accenting  the  first; 

there  is  no  i  following  the  v. 
misspell.     Two  s's,   because  composed  of  mis-  and  spell.     See 

Rule  VII. 
mountainous.     Do  not  drop  the  i  in  the  second  syllable,  or  insert 

one  in  the  third. 
murmur.     The  two  syllables  are  exactly  alike.     Do  not  confuse 

with  words  in  -er,  such  as  summer. 
narrative.     Note  the  two  r's,  from  Latin  narrare,  to  tell.     Com- 
pare narration. 
necessary.     One  c  and  two  s's. 

negroes.     See  the  list  of  words  having  plurals  in  -oes,  p.  18. 
ninety.     Do  not  omit  the  e.     Compare  nine,  nineteenth;  but  ninth. 
noticeable.     Do  not  drop  the  e  before  the  suffix  beginning  with  a. 

See  Rule  III. 
occasion.  Two  c's,  but  only  one  s.  Compare  also  occasionally. 
occurred.  Apply  Rule  II  for  doubling  final  consonants.  Com- 
pare also  occurring,  occurrence. 
o'clock.  Note  the  apostrophe,  and  do  not  capitalize  the  first  o. 
off.  Distinguish  between  the  adverb  off  and  the  preposition  of. 
opportunity.     From  Latin  ob  and  portus;  hence  it  is  wrong  to 

spell  the  word  with  an  e  by  analogy  with  words  in  per-. 
optimistic.     From  Latin  optimus,  best;  hence  do  not  change  the 

first  i  to  a  or  o.     Compare  also  optimism,  optimist. 
original.     Do  not  insert  an  o  before  the  n.     Compare  origin, 

originality. 
perhaps.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  pre-. 
permissible.     Apply  Rule  VII. 

pessimistic.     From  Latin  pessimus,  worst;   see  optimistic. 
Philip.     Note  the  single  /.     Philippines  also  has  only  one  /,  but 

the  p  is  doubled. 
pilgrim.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  -gram,  like  program,  etc. 

Compare  pilgrimage. 


LEARN     TO    SPELL  27 

pity.     Do  not  double  the  t  by  analogy  with  pretty,  putty,  jetty,  etc. 
plane.     Not   to   be    confused    with    plain.     "We    study   plane 

geometry;  our  teacher   makes   it   plain   to   us." 
poison.     Note  the  -on,  not  -en,  ending.     Compare  also  poisonous. 
possess.     Twice  two  s's.     Compare  possessions. 
precede.     Compare  recede,  secede,  intercede,  etc.     See  Rule  VI. 
preparation.     Note  the  a.     Compare  prepare,  separate,  etc. 
primitive.     Three  t's,  but  no  a. 
principal.     The  adjective  form  ends  in  -al.     Sometimes  the  noun 

is  omitted,  and  this  adjective  in  -al  becomes  a  noun,  as  "the 

principal  teacher  of  the  high  school"  becomes  "the  principal 

of  the  high  school."     Do  not  confuse  this  word  with  principle. 
principle.     A  noun  and  never  used  as  an  adjective.     See  principal. 
privilege.     Two  i  s  and  two  e's,  but  no  a  and  no  d. 
probably.     Pronounce  in  three  syllables,  and  note  the  two  b's. 
proceed.     Compare  exceed  and  succeed,  and  see  Rule  VI  for  a 

mnemonic  device  for  grouping  these  words  in  -eed.     Procedure 

has  only  one  e  in  the  second  syllable. 
professor.     One  /  and  two  s's,  but  never  two  fs  and  one  s.     The 

abbreviation  prof  is  therefore  not  only  vulgar  but  absurd. 
pursue.     Not  to  be  confused  with  words  in  per-.     Compare  also 

pursuit. 
quizzes.     Apply  Rule   II   for  doubling  final   consonants.     Also 

quizzed,  quizzing.     The  simple  form  is  quiz. 
really.     See  finally. 

receive.     Apply  Rule  V  for  ei  and  ie  words. 
recommendation.     One  c  and  two  ra's.     Study  the  prefixes  closely. 
referred,  referring.     Apply  Rule  II. 
repetition.     Do  not  substitute  an  i  for  the  second  e.     Compare 

repeat,  petition,  etc. 
representative.     Be  careful  to  spell  out  each  syllable;  note  the  a 

as  in  representation. 
rhythm.     Note  particularly  the  first  h.     Compare  rhythmic. 
ridiculous.     From  Latin  ridiculus  from  ridere,  to  laugh;  do  not 

confuse  with  words  in  re-.     Compare  ridicule. 
roll.     Not  to  be  confused  with  role.     Compare  also  roll-call. 
sacrifice.     Do  not  substitute  an  a  for  the  first  i,  or  an  5  for  the 

second  c.     Compare  sacrament. 


28  LEARN    TO    SPELL 

schedule.     Note  the  h. 

seize.     Note  the  e  before  the  i.     A  difficult  word  because  an 

exception  to  Rule  V. 
sensitive.     Do  not  spell  with  an  a.     Compare  sensibility. 
separate,  separation.     From  Latin  se-  and  parare.     Do  not  sub- 
stitute an  e  for  the  first  a.     Compare  prepare,  preparation,  etc. 
shepherd.     There  is  no  a  in  this  word.     Compare  sheep  and  herd, 

herdsman,  etc. 
similar.     Do  not  insert  an  i  before  the  a  by  analogy  with  familiar, 

peculiar,  etc. 
smooth.     Do  not  add  an  e  by  analogy  with  soothe,  loathe,  etc. 
sophomore.     Three  syllables  and  three  o's. 
specimen.     Do  not  add  a  t  by  analogy  with  words  in  -ment. 
speech.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  -ea-,  such  as  speak,  preach. 
stature.     Not  to  be  confused  with  statue  or  statute.     Compare 

statuary  and  statutory. 
studying.     Do  not  double  the  d  or  omit  the  *  or  the  y. 
summary.     Note  the  double  m,  from  Latin  summa;  do  not  confuse 

with  words  in  -ery. 
superintendent.     Note  every  syllable  carefully.     Apply  Rule  VII 

for  the  -ent  ending. 
sure.     Do  not  insert  an  h. 
surprise.     Do  not  confuse  with  words  in  sup-,  such  as  support, 

suppose. 
temperament.     Be  careful  to  spell  out  each  syllable. 
Thackeray.     Note  particularly  the  ck  and  the  ay,  and  do  not  omit 

either  the  c  or  the  a. 
their,  theirs.     Do  not  put  the  *  before  the  e,  and  do  not  confuse 

with  there  and  there's. 
together.     Do  not  spell  with  an  a  by  analogy  with  gather,  nor  with 

ea  by  analogy  with  weather.     Also  do  not  insert  a  hyphen. 
too.     Do  not  confuse  the  adverb  too  with  the  preposition  to  or  the 

numeral  two.     "The  two  (numeral)  men  drove  to  (preposition) 

town  too  (adverb)  fast." 
tremendous.     Three  syllables;  do  not  insert  an  i  or  u  after  the  d, 

as  if  pronounced  in  four  syllables.     Compare  stupendous. 
truly.     Do  not  retain  the  e  before  the  ending  -ly  in  this  word.     This 

is  an  exception  to  Rule  III.     Compare  duly. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


29 


undoubtedly.  Distinguish  the  syllables  carefully.  Avoid  the 
spurious  form  undoubtably. 

unmistakable.  Do  not  retain  the  silent  e  before  the  suffix  -able. 
See  Rule  III.     Compare  also  unmistakably. 

until.     This  word  has  only  one  /,  while  the  contraction  till  has  two. 

using.     Do  not  retain  the  e  before  -ing.     Apply  Rule  III. 

vigor.     Do  not  spell  -er.     Compare  vigorous,  rigor,  rigorous,  etc. 

village.  Frequently  misspelled  with  an  i  before  the  a,  as  if  pro- 
nounced in  three  syllables. 

villain.  Frequently  misspelled  -ian  by  analogy  with  words  like 
guardian;  but  note  that  villain  is  pronounced  in  two  syllables, 
not  three.  Note  also  villainy  or  villany;  villainous  or  villanous. 
The  form  villein  is  now  used  only  of  a  serf. 

virtue.  Do  not  insert  an  r  before  the  u  by  analogy  with  words 
like  stature,  vulture,  etc. 

weird.     Widely  misspelled  because  an  exception  to  Rule  V. 

write.  Not  to  be  confused  with  rite,  right,  wright.  The  past  tense 
wrote  should  not  be  confused  with  rote. 

writer,  writing.  Do  not  double  the  t  by  analogy  with  written. 
Note  the  difference  in  the  vowel  sounds.  Before  the  suffixes 
-er  and  -ing  the  final  e  in  write  is  dropped  according  to  Rule 
III ;  but  in  written  the  t  is  doubled  to  indicate  the  short  vowel 
as  contrasted  with  the  long  vowel  in  write. 

A  PRACTISE   LIST 
FIFTY   OF   THE  WORST   OFFENDERS 


accommodate  dissatisfied 

manual 

principle 

similar 

all  right 

exaggerate 

noticeable 

professor 

speech 

balance 

finally 

occasion 

quizzes 

sure 

beginning 

forcible 

occurred 

really 

theirs 

believe 

grammar 

off 

received 

too 

benefited 

hypocrisy 

opportunity 

repetition 

truly 

business 

its 

original 

rhythm 

until 

definite 

laboratory 

plane 

seized 

village 

difference 

led 

preparation 

sensitive 

villain 

disappointed 

lose 

principal 

separate 

weird 

30 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


PRACTISE   EXERCISES   ILLUSTRATING 
RULES  FOR  SPELLING 


i.    WRITTEN  WORK 

Study  Rule  I,  p.  8.     Write  two  spellings  for  the  following  words;  under- 
score the  form  which  you  prefer,  and  indicate  the  reason  for  your  choice: 


acknowledgment      counselor 

fulfil 

oxid 

adz 

criticize 

gelatin 

paraffin 

anapestic 

decalog 

glycerin 

picaninny 

antitoxin 

defense 

.  honor 

plow 

apprize 

diarrhea 

hypocrit 

practise 

ax 

disk 

hypotenuse 

preterit 

blest 

distil 

judgment 

raveled 

bromid 

draft 

license 

riveted 

calisthenics 

dropt 

liquorice 

savior 

cancelation 

dulness 

maneuver 

theater 

catalog 

enrolment 

marvelous 

traveler 

chaperon 

envelop 

medieval 

traveling 

cigaret 

esthetic 

meter 

wagon 

civilization 

etiquet 

millionaire 

whisky 

coquet 

fantasy 

neighbor 

woolen 

councilor 

fantom 

oneself 

worshiped 

2.    WRITTEN  WORK 

Study  Rule  I, 

p.  8.     Make  a  list  of  twenty  additional 

words  with  two 

accepted  spellings,  underscoring  the  form  to  be  preferred  in 

each  case. 

3.     ORAL 

WORK 

Study  Rule  II, 

p.  io.     Spell  the  past  tense  in  -ed,  and  the  present  participle 

in  -ing  for  the  following  words: 

abhor 

combat 

detach 

forfeit 

abut 

commit 

diagram 

grin 

acquit 

compel 

differ 

handicap 

allow 

conceal 

dispel 

impel 

benefit 

concur 

enter 

infer 

boot 

control 

equip 

intermit 

brag 

defer 

excel 

kidnap 

cancel 

desert 

follow 

limit 

LEARN    TO    SPELL 


31 


marvel 

prefer 

refit 

rivet 

offer 

proffer 

regret 

simper 

panel 

profit 

reject 

submit 

pencil 

quiet 

relax 

transfer 

perform 

quit 

remit 

travel 

permit 

quiz 

retract 

worship 

4.     ORAL  OR  WRITTEN   WORK 

Study  Rule  II,  p.  10,  and  consult  the  general  list,  pp.  106-141.  Form 
nouns  in  -er,  -or,  or  -ar,  from  the  following  stems,  explaining  the  reason  for 
the  correct  or  preferred  spelling  in  each  case: 


abhor 

desert 

profess 

swim 

abstain 

eject 

propel 

transmit 

beg 

hum 

retain 

travel 

begin 

invent 

rob 

visit 

bisect 

job 

shop 

win 

conquer 

kidnap 

shred 

worship 

control 

perform 

stop 

wrap 

5.     WRITTEN   WORK 

Study  Rule  II,  p.  10.  Explain  why  the  root  words  of  the  following 
derivatives  do  or  do  not  double  the  final  consonants,  and  underscore  words 
which  are  in  any  way  exceptions  to  Rule  II: 


acquittal 

forgotten 

rebellious 

braggart 

gaseous 

rebuttal 

chagrined 

gases 

regrettable 

choppy 

gassy 

repellent 

concurrence 

goddess 

riddance 

concurrent 

humbugged 

robbery 

conference 

intermittent 

shrubbery 

deference 

manned 

soften 

deterrent 

marvelous 

sunny 

difference 

metallic 

sweeten 

druggist 

occurrence 

tranquillity 

excellence 

planned 

transferable 

excellent 

preference 

unforgetable 

flimflammed 

propellant  (n.) 

wigwagging 

forbidden 

propellent  (adj.) 

zigzagged 

32 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


6.    WRITTEN  WORK 

Study  Rule  II,  p.  10.  From  the  following  adjectives  write  out  the  com- 
parative degree  in  -er,  and  the  superlative  in  -est,  explaining  the  reason  for  the 
doubled  or  single  final  consonant  in  each  case: 


awful 

hard 

quiet 

steep 

big    , 

hot 

red 

still 

cold 

lax 

sad 

straight 

cool 

loud 

small 

sweet 

deep 

mad 

soft 

warm 

glad 

queer 

sour 

weak 

7.     ORAL  WORK 

Study  Rule  III,  p.  12.     Spell  the  present  participle  in  -ing  for  the  following 
words,  explaining  why  the  final  e  is  or  is  not  dropped  in  each  case: 


advise 

face 

notice 

shoe 

arise 

freeze 

pursue 

smile 

arrange 

hoe 

quibble 

state 

believe 

hope 

race 

strive 

change 

interfere 

rise 

tinge 

come 

loose 

save 

toe 

dine 

lose 

serve 

twinge 

ensue 

move 

shine 

use 

Study  Rule  III,  p.  12. 
the  following  derivatives: 

abridgment 

acknowledgment 

advantageous 

arrangement 

careless 

changeable 

courageous 

dovelike 

duly 

imaginable 


8.    .ORAL  WORK 

Explain  why  the  final  e  is  or  is  not  dropped  in 


inflatable 

interference 

judgment 

likable 

lovable 

manageable 

marriageable 

movable 

noticeable 

peaceable 


salable 

sensible 

stately 

statement 

stony 

traceable 

truly 

unmistakably 

wholly 

wisdom 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


33 


9- 

ORAL  WORK 

Study  Rule  IV,  p.  13.     Spell  the  plurals  of  the 

following  nouns 

why  the  y  is  or 

is  not  changed 

to  i  in  each  case: 

abbey 

covey 

galley 

monkey 

alley 

cry 

Henry 

parley 

ally 

decoy 

jersey 

penny 

attorney 

dowry 

jockey 

pulley 

beauty 

ecstasy 

jury 

sky 

bully 

effigy 

levy 

soliloquy 

century 

elegy 

library 

taffy 

chimney 

fairy 

lily 

trolley 

cockney 

family 

Mary 

turkey 

colloquy 

fancy 

medley 

volley 

country 

fantasy 

money 

whisky 

10.     ORAL  WORK 

Study  Rule  IV,  p.  13.  Explain  why  the  final  y  does  or  does  not  change 
to  i  in  the  following  derivatives,  noting  particularly  exceptions  to  the  general 
rule: 


babyhood 

dizziness 

marrying 

beautiful 

drearily 

merriment 

burial 

dutiful 

pitiless 

busier 

earliest 

•replied 

business 

fancier 

studying 

carriage 

happiness 

trying 

clergyman 

hardiness 

uglier 

copyright 

likelihood 

weariness 

delayed 

marriage 

wearying 

11.    WRITTEN   WORK 

Study  Rule  V,  p.  14.     Fill  in  the  correct  letters  iei  or  ie)  in  the  following 
words,  stating  the  rule  or  pointing  out  the  exception  in  each  case: 

ach  —  ve  chandel  — r  f  —  Id 

bel  -  -  f  cone  -  -t  f  -  -  nd 

bel  —  ve  cone  —  ve  f  —  rce 

bes  —  ge  counterf  —  t  handkerch  —  f 

brigad  —  r  dec  —  ve  h  —  r 
3 


34 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


h--ght 
1  —  sure 
n  —  ghbor 
n —  ce 
ob  —  sance 
perc  —  ve 
p  —  rce 
rec  —  pt 


rec  —  ve 

r--gn 
rel  -  -  f 
rel  —  ve 
retr  —  ve 
s  —  ze 
s--ge 
sh--k 


12. 


Study  Rule  VI,  p.  14. 


shr k 

sover  —  gn 
t--r 
th--f 
v  —  w 
w  —  Id 
w  —  rd 
y--ld 

WRITTEN  WORK 

Arrange  the  following  words  in  two  groups,  those 
ending  in  -eed  and  those  in  -ede,  and  then  write  as  many  inflected  and 
derivative  forms  in  each  case  as  you  can,  noting  particularly  any  literal 
changes  in  the  stem: 

accede  exceed  proceed  secede 

antecede  intercede  recede  succeed 

cede  precede  retrocede  supersede 
concede 

13.     ORAL  OR  WRITTEN  WORK1 

Study  Rule  VII,  p.  15.  Explain  why  each  of  the  following  words  is 
spelled  -ance,  -ence;  -ant,  -ent;  -able,  -ible;  if  you  find  exceptions  to  the  general 
principle  of  Rule  VII,  try  to  give  a  reason  for  the  exception  in  each  case: 


abhorrence 
abhorrent 
abhorrible 

abundance 
abundant 

acceptance 
acceptable 
acceptant 

accessible 

acquaintance 

adherence 
adherent 

adjustable 

admittance 
admissible 


adolescence 

adolescent 
arrogance 

arrogant 
audible 
coherence 

coherent 

cohesible 
complacence 

complacent 
combustible 
confidence 

confident 
constituency 

constituent 


1  This  exercise  may  be  divided  into  several  lessons, 
consult  an  unabridged  dictionary  for  etymologies. 


corruptible 
credence 

credent 

credible 
decadence 

decadent 
digestible 
eminence 

eminent 
excellence 

excellent 
exceptionable 
existence 

existent  „ 

fallible 

The  students  should  be  trained  to 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


35 


imminence 

imminent 
incorrigible 
incorruptible 
indelible 
indulgence 

indulgent 
ineligible 
inexhaustible 
intelligence 
intelligent 
intelligible 
irresistible 


irritable 

laudable 

laughable 

measurable 

noticeable 

obtainable 

performance 

prominence 

prominent 
reasonable 
recurrence 

recurrent 
reminiscence 


reminiscent 
residence 

resident 
resistance 

resistant 

resistible 
responsible 
separable 
superintendence 

superintendent 
susceptible 
variance 
visible 


14.     ORAL  WORK1 

Study  Rule  VII,  p.  15.  The  following  list  comprises  practically  all  of 
the  familiar  words  which  are  spelled  -ible;  most  other  words  of  this  formation 
are  spelled  -able.  Adverbs  in  -ibly  and  nouns  in  -ibility  may  be  formed  from 
such  words  in  the  list  as  are  in  more  common  use;  as  accessibly,  accessibility 
admissibly,  admissibility,  intelligibly,  intelligibility,  etc.: 


(in)  accessible 

conductible 

adducible  (or  -eable) 

contemptible 

(in)  admissible 

contractible 

(in)  apprehensible 

(in)  controvertible 

(in)  audible 

(in)  convertible 

(in)  coercible 

(in)  convincible 

cohesible 

(in)  corrigible 

(in)  cognoscible 

(in)  corrodible 

collapsible  (or  -able) 

corrosible 

collectible  (or  -able) 

(in)  corruptible 

(in)  combustible 

(in)  credible 

committible  (or  -able) 

deducible 

(in)  compatible 

deductible 

(in)  comprehensible 

(in)  defeasible 

(in)  compressible 

(in)  delible  (also  deleble) 

(in)  condensible  (or  -able) 

depressible 

conducible 

descendible  (or  -able) 

1  This  exercise  may  be  divided  into  several  lessons. 

36 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


(in)  destructible 

diffusible 
(in)  digestible 

dirigible 
(in)  discernible 

dissectible 

distensible 

distractible 

divertible 

divestible 
(in)  divisible 
(in)  edible 

educible 
(in)  effervescible 
(in)  eligible 
(in)  eludible 

evadible  (or  -able) 
(in)  evasible 

evincible 
(in)  exhaustible 

exigible 

existible 
(in)  expansible 
(in)  expressible 

extendible 
(in)  extensible 
(in)  fallible 
(in)  feasible 
(in)  flexible 

fluxible 

forcible 
(in)  frangible 
(in)  fusible 

gullible 

horrible 

ignitible  (or  -able) 

immersible  (or  -able) 
(un)  impressible 


inducible 
inscriptible 
instructive 
(un)  intelligible 

interconvertible 
intervisible 
inventible 
invertible 
invincible 
irascible 
(il)  legible 

mandible  (n.) 
negligible 
omissible 
ostensible 

passible  (capable  of  feeling  or 
suffering;     cf.     passable, 
capable  of  being  passed) 
(im)  perceptible 
(im)  perfectible 
(im)  permissible 
(im)  persuasible 
pervertible 
(im)  plausible 
(im)  possible 

prehensible 
(im)  prescriptible 
(un)  producible 
redressible 
(ir)  reducible 

refer'rible  (cf.  referable) 
reflectible 
(ir)  refrangible 
(ir)  remissible 

rendible  (not  to 
be  confused 
with 
renderable) 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


37 


(ir)  reprehensible 
(ir)  repressible 
(ir)  resistible 
(ir)  responsible 

reversible 

revertible 

risible 

seducible  (or  ~eable) 
(in)  sensible 

subdivisible 
(in)  submergible 

subvertible 


suspensible 

(in)  tangible 
tensible 
terrible 
traducible 
transfusible 

(in)  transgressible 

(in)  transmissible 

(in)  vendible 

(in)  vincible 

(in)  visible 


15.     WRITTEN  WORK 

Study  Rule  VII,  p.  15.  Make  a  list  of  twenty-five  familiar  words  in  -able. 
Try  to  collect  these  words  from  your  general  reading,  giving  references,  as 
follows:  insuperable,  Irving,  Rip  Van  Winkle,  p.  43. 


16.    WRITTEN  WORK 

Study  Rule  VII,  p.  15.  Explain  the  Latin  derivation  of  the  following 
words,  noting  particularly  the  literal  changes  in  the  forms  of  the  prefixes. 
Use  the  dictionary  for  this  work. 


accumulate 

assimilate 

attendance 

cereal 

chronology 

concentrate 

connotate 

corroborate 

description 

disappear 

disappointed 

dissection 

dissever 

dissociate 

dissuade 

eccentricity 


educate 

emigrate 

exaggerate 

illegible 

illegitimate 

illimitable 

illiterate 

immaterial 

immigrate 

immortal 

immovable 

immutable 

impatient 

inadequate 

intellect 

interest 


interfere 

interrupt 

interrogation 

interurban 

irrational 

irreverent 

postpone 

postscript 

preparation 

prescription 

proscription 

separate 

subscribe 

subterranean 

tolerable 

transference 


38 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


Study  Rule  VII,  p. 
name  the  accents  and 


17.     ORAL  WORK1 

15.     Spell  the  following  French  words,  taking  care  to 
other  signs  (see  Rule  4,  p.  18). 


attache 

entree 

papier-mache 

blanc-mange 

facade 

porte-cochere 

bouillon 

fricassee 

protege 

cache 

garage 

questionnaire 

charge  d'affaires 

hangar 

regime 

chauffeur 

jardiniere 

rendezvous 

consomme 

matinee 

resume 

coup  d'etat 

mayonnaise 

role 

cortege 

melee 

soiree 

debris 

naif  (masc.) 

tete-a-tete 

debut 

naive  (fern.) 

trousseau 

decollete 

naivete 

vis-a-vis 

dishabille  or  desha- 

nee 

bille 

] 

[8.     WRITTEN 

WORK 

Study  Rule  1,  p.  18 

.     Explain  the  insertion  or  omission  of  the 

following  words: 

bivouac 

music 

public 

bivouacked 

musical 

publican 

bivouacking 

musician* 

publicist 

colic 

panic 

publicity 

colicky 

panicky 

shellac 

frolic 
frolicked 

physic 
physical 

shellacked 
shellacking 

frolicking 

physician 

traffic 

frolicsome 

physicist 

trafficked 

mimic 

mimicked 

mimicking 

picnic 

picnicked 

picnicking 

trafficking 

trafficker 

trafficless 

mimicry 

picnickers 

1  The  teacher  should  give 

the  pupil  the  correct 

pronunciations  of  these  fami 

words. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


39 


19.    ORAL  WORK 


Study 

Rule  3, 

p.  18.     Spell  the  f 

ollowing  words: 

beat 

leap 

read 

speak 

beet 

leech 

reed 

speech 

beach 

meat 

reap 

steal 

beech 

meet 

real 

steel 

bleat 

neat 

reel 

steam 

bleed 

need 

seam 

steep 

bleach 

peach 

seem 

team 

crease 

peep 

seat 

teem 

creep 

peak 

seek 

weave 

dear 

peek 

sleave 

weevil 

deer 

preach 

sleeve 

weaver 

grease 

preen 

scream 

weak 

green 

reach 

screech 

week 

leak 

reek 

squeal 

wean 

leek 

squeeze 

weep 

20.    WRITTEN   WORK 

Study 

Rule  5, 

,  p.  18.     Copy  the 

following  words  and  form  the 

preferred  plurals, 

indicating  all  musical  terms  by  the 

sign  (M)  and 

scoring  all 

plurals 

!  in  -oes: 

alto 

desperado 

lasso 

solo 

banjo 

domino 

memento 

soprano 

basso 

(costume) 

mosquito 

tallyho 

broncho 

domino 

motto 

tobacco 

buffalo 

(game) 

mulatto 

tomato 

burro 

duo 

negro 

torpedo 

calico 

dynamo 

peccadillo 

tremolo 

cameo 

echo 

piano 

trio 

cargo 

Eskimo 

piccolo 

violoncello 

cello 

hero 

portfolio 

volcano 

cuckoo 

hobo 

potato 

zero 

40 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


Study  Rule  6,  p.  18. 


21.     ORAL  WORK 

Spell  the  plurals  of  the  following  words: 


belief 

bluff 

calf 

chief 

cuff 

dwarf 

elf 

half 


handkerchief 

hoof 

knife 

leaf 

life 

loaf 

proof 

reef 


relief 

roof 

safe 

scarf 

self 

serf 

sheaf 

sheriff 


staff 

stuff 

tariff 

thief 

waif 

wharf 

wife 

wolf 


Study   Rule   7, 
obscure   vowels   in 

accusative 

anticipate 

apparatus 

circumference 

classicism 

dissipation 

divide 

extravagant 

frivolous 

fundamental 


22.     WRITTEN   WORK 

Write   the    following   words,   underscoring   the 


P-    19. 

each: 


furniture 

genitive 

gravity 

Hannibal 

indefinite 

opportunity 

optimist 

pessimist 

preparation 

privilege     x 


repetition 

ridiculous 

romanticism 

sacrament 

sacrifice 

sensitive 

separate 

stimulant 

unanimous 

ventilation 


23.     WRITTEN  WORK 


See  Rule  7,  p.  19.     Complete  the  following  words  by  adding   -ar,   -er, 


-or,  -ir  (-yr),  -ur,  -eur 
accelerat  — 
adventur  — 
advis  — 
aggress  — 
agitat  — 
alt  —  (in  church) 
alt  —  (to  change) 
amat  — 
ambassad  — 
ancest  — 


anch  — 

argu-- 

arrest  — 

assess  — 

audit  — 

aug  —  (soothsayer) 

aug  —  (boring  tool) 

auth  — 

aviat  — 

bachel  — 


begg  -  - 
benefact  — 
besieg  — 
bisect  — 
blasphem  -  - 
Caes  — 
calend--  (table  of 

dates) 
carburet  — 
caterpill  — 


1  This  exercise  may  be  divided  into  two  or  more  lessons. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


41 


ced  — 

generat  — 

refrigerat  — 

cell-- 

Gibralt  -  - 

regulat  — 

cellul  — 

govern  — 

report  — 

cens  —  (critic) 

gramm  — 

revolv  — 

cens  —  (vessel  for 

hum  — 

rig-- 

incense) 

imitat  — 

rum  — 

chauff  — 

impost  — 

sail  —  (seaman) 

coll  -  - 

instruct  — 

sail  —  (sailing  vessel) 

collect  — 

interpret  — 

sat  — 

col  — 

invest  — 

schol  — 

conduct  — 

jugul  -  - 

sculpt  — 

connoiss  — 

ledg  -  - 

separat  — 

conquer  — 

H-- 

simil  — 

conspirat  — 

lubricat  — 

solicit  — 

contract  — 

maj  -  - 

speedomet  — 

controll  — 

marin  — 

splend  — 

coron  — 

mart  — 

squal  — 

corrid  — 

metaph  — 

squander  — 

credit  — 

millin  -  ■* 

sulph  — 

cultivat  — 

mirr  — 

supervis  — 

cylind  — 

mot  — 

survey  — 

debt  -  - 

murm  — 

trait  — 

defend  — 

navigat  — 

transgress  — 

demean  — 

numerat  — 

translat  — 

demurr  — 

ad— 

transmitt  — 

denominat  — 

operat  — 

travel  — 

develop  — 

orat  — 

treasur  — 

direct  -  - 

organiz  — 

trumpet  — 

dissent  — 

originat  — 

tubercul  — 

edit  — 

oscillat  — 

turn  — 

educat  — 

oyst  — 

vaccinat  — 

elevat  — 

percolat  — 

vict  — 

elix  — 

pill  — 

vig-- 

emper  — 

prison  — 

vineg  — 

equat  — 

proct  -  - 

visit  — 

extinguish  — 

profess  — 

vulg  -  - 

fact  — 

propell  — 

warri  — 

garden  — 

reflect  — 

worship  — 

42 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


24.    WRITTEN   OR  ORAL  WORK 

Read  Hint  9,  p.  19.  Write  or  spell  the  following  words  and  give  the  key 
word  which  will  help  you  to  determine  the  correct  spelling  in  each  case,  as 
frivolous  (key  word  frivolity) : 


analogous  (p.  — ) 
approximate  (p. — ) 
bicycle  (p.  — ) 
bilious  (p.  — ) 
definite  (p.  — ) 
definition  (p.  — ) 
effeminate  (p.  — ) 
fanaticism  (p.  — ) 


frivolous  (p.  — ) 
horrible  (p.  — ) 
indefinite  (p.  — ) 
infinite  (p.  — ) 
inseparable  (p.  — ) 
mariner  (p.  — ) 
maritime  p.  — ) 
narrative  (p.  — ) 


original  (p.  — ) 
preparation  (p.  — ) 
repetition  (p.  — ) 
ridiculous  (p.  — ) 
romanticism  (p.  — ) 
separation  (p.  — ) 
synonymous  (p.  — ) 
zealous  (p.  — ) 


25.     ORAL  WORK 


Read  Hint  14,  p.  20. 
space  where  necessary: 

Anglo-Saxon 

ante-bellum 

basket-ball 

bas-relief 

board,ing-house 

by-law 

cross-reference 

cross-section 

folk-dance 

good-looking 

guinea-pig 

high-school  {adj.) 

man-of-war 

near-by  {adj.) 

object-lesson 

reading-room 

self-starter 

subject-matter 

twenty-one 

vice-president 


Spell  the  following  words,  indicating  hyphens  and 


antiprohibition 

anybody 

anyway  (adv.) 

baseball 

bedroom 

commonplace 

everyday  (adj.) 

everything 

foolscap 

football 

handwriting 

intercollegiate 

interscholastic 

masterpiece 

motorboat 

notebook 

outdoor 

semicolon 

steamboat 

textbook 


all  right 
any  one 
any  time 
any  where 
bass  violin 
boy  scout 
by  and  by 
each  other 
every  day 
every  one 
every  side 
high  school  (n.) 
in  fact 
one  another 
near  by  (adv.) 
per  cent 
some  day 
steam  car 
team  play 
parcel  post 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


43 


26.    WRITTEN   OR   ORAL  WORK1 

Spell  and  define  the  following  homophones: 
air  break  feint  kernel 


heir 


brake 


faint 


colonel 


aisle 

cane 

flour 

knew 

isle 

Cain 

flower 

new 

arc 

cannon 

fort 

knight 

ark 

canon 

forte 

night 

ascent 

canvas 

forth 

know 

assent 

canvass 

fourth 

no 

bass 

ceiling 

guilt 

lead  («.) 

base 

sealing 

gilt 

led 

beach 

cent 

grease 

liar 

beech 

scent 
sent 

Greece 

lyre 

beat 

hail 

mail 

beet 

cereal 
serial 

hale 

male 

berry 

hart 

main 

bury 

cession 
session 

heart 

mane 

berth 

Chile 
chilli     . 

hoard 

mantel 

birth 

horde 

mantle 

boar 

cite 

site 

hole 

marshal 

bore 

whole 

martial 

boll 

sight 

holy 

muscle 

bole 

coarse 

wholly 

mussel 

bowl 

course 

indict 

need 

bow 

dying 

indite 

knead 

beau 

dyeing 

instance 

ours 

bow 

earnest 

instant's 

hours 

bough 

Ernest 

its 

peace 

bread 

eight 

it's 

piece 

bred 

ate 

1  If  desirable,  the  teacher  may  make  several  lessons  of  this  exercise. 


44 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


peak 

rain 

suite 

wait 

peek 

reign 

sweet 

weight 

pique 

rein 

tail       . 

wave 

peal 

road 

tale 

waive 

peel 

rode 

their 

way 

pear 

roll 

there 

weigh 

pare 

r61e 

theirs 

weak 

peer 

scene 

there 's 

week 

pier 

seen 

throne 

weakly 

plain 

serf 

thrown 

weekly 

plane 

surf 

to 

wear 

plum 

serge 

too 

ware 

plumb 

surge 

two 

weather 

poll 

slight 

vain 

wether 

pole 

sleight 

vein 

vane 

whose 

pray 

steak 

who's 

prey 

stake 

vale 

veil 

write 

presence 

steal 

rite 

presents 

steel 

vice 

right 

vise 

wright 

read 

straight 

reed 

strait 

waist 

wrote 

waste 

rote 

27.     ORAL  WORK1 

The  following  words  are  often  confused.     Spell  and  define  each  word, 
distinguishing  carefully  the  differences  in  pronunciation: 


accept 

advice 

allusion 

annunciation 

except 

advise 

illusion 
elusion 

enunciation 

access 

alley 

arrange 

excess 

ally 

altar 
alter 

arraign 

addition 

allude 

arrangement 

edition 

illude 

angle 

arraignment 

elude 

angel 

iThis  exercise  may  be  divided  into  several  lessons  if  desirable. 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


45 


auger 

climactic 

effect 

lead  (n.) 

augur 

climatic 

affect 

lead  (v.) 

bath 

cloths 

emigrate 

latter 

bathe 

clothes 

immigrate 

later 

beach 

comma 

eminent 

lightning 

beech 

coma 

imminent 
immanent 

lightening 

born 

compliment 

loath 

borne 

complement 

exercise 
exorcise 

loathe 

bow  (an  orna- 

contemptible 

• 

lose 

mental  knot)  contemptuous 

expect 

loose 

bow  (to  bend 

suspect 

forward) 

corps 

minute  (adj.) 

corpse 

father 

minute  («.) 

breath 

farther 

breathe 

council 

missal 

counsel 

formally 

missile 

cache 

formerly 

missive 

cash 

councilor 

counselor 

gamble 

odious 

cashmere 

gambol 

odorous 

cassimere 

current 

currant 

grease  (n.) 

off 

Calvary 

grease  (v.) 

of 

cavalry 

decent 

descent 

humorous 

ordinance 

canon 

dissent 

humerous 

ordnance 

canyon 

desert  (v.) 

idol 

passable 

capital 

desert  (n.) 

idle 

passible 

capitol 

dessert 

idyl 

peasant 

cellar 

deference 

ingenious 

pheasant 

seller 

difference 

ingenuous 

pillar 

censer 

diary 

insight 

pillow 

censor 

dairy 

incite 

personal 

choral 

duel 

lack 

personnel 

coral 

dual 

like 

corral 

46 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


petition 

profit 

rout 

there 

partition 

prophet 

route 

they  're 
their 

pistil 

radical  (adj.  or  n 

.)  sense 

pistol 

radicle  (n.) 

since 

tortuous 
torturous 

pomace 

radish 

stationary 

track 
tract 

pumice 

reddish 

stationery 

potion 

read  (pres.) 

statue 

veracity 
voracity 

portion 

read  (past) 

stature 
statute 

precedent  (n.) 

rendible 

weather 

precedent  (adj.)  renderable 

tear  (n.) 

whether 

tear  (v.) 

principal 

respectfully 

won't 

principle 

respectively 

wont  (n.) 

28.     ORAL  WORK 

Review  the   Seven   Major  Rules,  pp.  8-17.     Spell  the  following  words, 
stating   the   rule   or   exception   which   applies   in   each   case: 


abusing 

drearily 

proffered 

abutment 

encyclopedia 

profited 

abutting 

enemies 

quizzical 

acceded 

equipage 

rallying 

acceptance 

exceedingly 

readiness 

accompanied 

excellency 

received 

acquittal 

fallacies 

reference 

admissible 

fiend 

referred 

affidavit 

infallible 

replies 

annually 

interfering 

restating 

appetite 

judgment 

seizure 

baggage 

maneuver 

siege 

benefited 

medieval 

singeing 

business 

movable 

sovereignty 

combating 

moving 

soliloquies 

changeable 

niece 

succeeded 

chimneys 

noticeable 

superseded 

courageous 

outrageous 

tonnage 

debatable 

piteous 

traveling 

disappoint 

preceding 

truly 

LEARN    TO    SPELL 


47 


29.     ORAL   OR   WRITTEN   WORK 

Study  the  list  on  pp.  22-29.     Spell  or  write  the  following  familiar  words: 


accommodation 

its 

really 

across 

led 

receipt 

arrive 

library 

recommendation 

assassin 

lilies 

referring 

athletics 

lose 

repetition 

balance 

Macaulay 

rhythm 

beginning 

Macbeth 

ridiculous 

believe 

meant 

sacrament 

benefiting 

mischievous 

sacrifice 

Burns's 

misspell 

schedule 

chapel 

mountainous 

sensitive 

climactic 

narrative 

separation 

college 

negroes 

shepherd 

comparison 

ninety 

similar 

conscientious 

noticeable 

smooth 

definite 

occurrence 

speech 

describe 

optimistic 

studying 

despair 

originality 

superintendent 

difference 

pilgrimage 

sure 

disappoint 

pity 

theirs 

divine 

possess 

too 

embarrassed 

preparation 

truly 

Encyclopaedia 

principal 

until 

Britannica 

principle 

village 

exaggerated 

privilege 

villain 

extension 

proceed 

virtue 

finally 

professor 

weird 

forcible 

pursuit 

writer 

grammar 

quizzes 

writing 

30.    WRITTEN   WORK1 

Write  a  one-page  theme  in  which  you  use  correctly  at  least  fifteen  words 
found  in  the  list  on  pp.  22-29.  Underscore  the  words  you  consciously 
introduce. 


1  This  exercise  may  be  repeated  sereral  times,  using  other  words  from  the  list  on  pp.  22-29 


48 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


31.     ORAL  OR  WRITTEN  WORK1 

1.     Spell  or  write  the  fol- 


Consult  the  general  alphabetic  list,  pp.  106-14 
lowing  more  or  less  difficult  words: 

cereal 


acreage 

adolescence 

affidavit 

aggravating 

agreeable 

alligator 

almanac 

altogether 

ammunition 

anonymous 

Apocrypha 

Apollo 

appendicitis 

artillery 

auxiliary 

baccalaureate 

Baptist 

barbarous 

battalion 

beefsteak 

bicycle 

calcimine 

calendar 

Calvinism 

cannibal 

caricature 

cataclysm 

catarrh 

catechism 

caterpillar 

Catiline 

celery 

cellar 


chaparral 

chauffeur 

Chautauqua 

chloroform 

cinnamon 

colonnade 

column 

connoisseur 

corroborate 

curriculum 

cylinder 

daguerreotype 

dahlia 

derrick 

diarrhea 

digestible 

dilapidated 

dilemma 

diphtheria 

disappearance 

duchess 

eleemosynary 

eligible 

elixir 

ellipse 

emperor 

epigrammatic 

epochs 

erroneous 

erysipelas 

exhilarating 

explanation 


extraordinary 

extravagance 

fallacy 

fanaticism 

fascinating 

feminine 

fictitious 

flannel 

fuchsia 

habiliment 

hemorrhage 

hippopotamus 

hypocrisy 

incendiary 

initiation 

innocuous 

inseparable 

isosceles 

liniment 

maritime 

millinery 

miscellaneous 

mucilage 

narcissus 

neuralgia 

niche 

Nineveh 

orifice 

oscillation 

ostracize 

paraphernalia 

paroxysm 

penitentiary 


1  This  exercise  may  be  divided  into  several  lessons,  or  the  teacher  may  extend  it  ad  lib. 
by  reference  to  the  general  alphabetic  list. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


49 


pennants 

scarcity 

stimulating 

pinnacle 

scarlatina 

strychnin 

pneumonia 

schism 

succinct 

Presbyterian 

scissors 

supercilious 

primitive 

scrimmage 

supersede 

procedure 

scrupulous 

terrapin 

promiscuous 

scuppernong 

theorem 

pusillanimous 

secretary 

tragedy 

radish 

semicolon 

tranquillity 

raisins 

sherbet 

trousseau 

rarefy 

shrubbery 

venomous 

Renaissance 

sibylline 

vicissitude 

rhapsody 

Sicily 

volume 

romanticism 

silhouette 

Wednesday 

salary 

skepticism 

yacht 

salmon 

sophomore 

zinc 

Saturday 

spectacles 

zinnia 

PART   TWO 

PRACTISE   LISTS   OF   WORDS   OFTEN 
MISSPELLED1 

Space  is  allowed  in  each  subject  for  additional  words  to  be 
recorded  by  the  pupils  from  the  actual  errors  found  in  their  exer- 
cises and  notebooks.  The  teacher  may  require  certain  common 
errors  to  be  added  as  experience  demands,  but  in  any  case  he 
should  examine  the  notebooks  frequently  to  see  that  the  pupils 
are  properly  recording  their  daily  errors  in  spelling. 

Arts  and  Sciences 


AGRICULTURE 


acreage 
actinomycosis 
agricultural 
alluvial 
ammonia 
apiary 
arid 

Berkshire 
boll-weevil 
Bordeaux  mixture 
bulletin 
cabbage 

cantaloup  or  canta- 
loupe (I) 
capillary 
caterpillar 
cereals 

iThe  Roman  numerals  in 


cheese 

Cheviot 

cholera 

cocklebur 

cultivator 

dairying 

drought 

droughty 

Duroc-Jersey 

escutcheon 

ensilage 

experiment 

fertility 

flocculation 

fungous  (adj.) 

fungus  (n.) 

guano 

parentheses  refer  to  the 
50 


Guernsey 

Hereford 

Holstein-Friesian 

humic  (cf .  humid) 

hygroscopic 

inoculate 

insecticide 

Kafir  (or  Kaffir)  corn 

larva 

larvae  (pi.) 
Leghorn 
maize 
melon 
mesquite 
mosquitoes 
Minorca 
mulch 

rules  on  p.  7. 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


51 


AGRICULTURE  —  Continued 


nitrification 

pumpkin 

stallion 

nitrogenous 

separator 

steril  or  sterile  (I) 

Orpington 

shredder 

surcingle 

parasitic 

shrubbery 

tillage 

pasteurize 

silos 

tuberculosis 

phylloxera 

skim  milk 

vegetable 

protein 

spinach 

vineyard 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


52 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


BIOLOGY  AND   ZOOLOGY 


abdo'men 

dissection 

pituitary 

amylopsin 

encyst 

pituitous 

antenna 

enzyme 

ptyalin 

antennae  {pi.) 

fertil  or  fertile  (I) 

respiratory 

bacillus 

hemoglobin 

secrete 

bacilli  (pi.) 

heredity 

sensory 

bacteriology 

inheritance 

sexual 

carapace 

interstitial 

species 

chitin 

irritable 

spontaneous 

chromatin 

larva 

steril  or  sterile  (I) 

chylous 

larvae  (pi.) 

stomach 

cilium 

ligament 

symmetrical 

cilia  (pi.) 

male 

trypsin 

coccyx 

mucous  (adj.) 

vacuole 

coccyges  (pi.) 

mucus  (n.) 

venomous 

cocoon 

nervous 

ventricles 

corpuscles 

nomenclature 

vesicle 

crystalline 

paraffin 

viscera 

diagrammatically 

phylogeny 

vitreous 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

• 

i 

LEARN    TO    SPELL 


53 


BOTANY 

annual 

flaccid 

protein 

aqueous 

fungous  {adj.) 

raceme 

bois-d'arc 

fungus  {n.) 

radicle 

calyx 

fungi  {pi.) 

receptacle 

calyxes  {pi.) 

gamete 

rhizoid 

carpel 

herbaceous 

rhizome 

cell 

hydrodictyon 

saprophyte 

cellulose 

hydrophyte 

serrate 

chlorophyl  or  chloro- 

- lenticel 

shrubbery 

phyll 

lily 

specimen 

chromatin 

mesophyte 

stamens 

chromosome 

narcissus 

succulent 

cilium 

nucellus 

sumac  or  sumach  (I) 

cilia  {pi.) 

nucleus 

symbiont 

coalesce 

orchid 

symbiotic 

collenchyma 

panacle 

thallus 

corolla 

parasite 

tracheid 

cotyledon 

parenchyma 

trichome 

cryptogamous 

perennial 

trillium 

cytoplasm 

phloem 

vacuole 

deciduous 

pistil 

vegetation 

dicotyledonous 

poisonous 

xylem               % 

dioecious 

pollen 

zoospore 

filament 

pollination 

zygote 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

f    ■ 

•    • • ......................    ...m 

54 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


absorption 

acetylene 

acidity 

alcohol 

alkaline 

aluminum  or  alumin- 
ium (I) 

ammonia 

analysis 

analyses  (pi.) 

apparatus 

aqueous 

carbohydrate 

celluloid 

chlorin  or  chlorine 

chloroform 

colorimetric 

combustible 

crystalline 

crystallize 

cyanid  or  cyanide  (I) 

desiccator 

dissolve 

distillation 


CHEMISTRY 

dyeing 

dynamite 

effervesce 

electrolysis 

equivalence 

experiment 

gas 

gaseous 

gases 

gelatin  or  gelatine  (I) 

glycerin  or  glycerine 

(i) 

gravimetric 

hydrogen 

inflammable 

laboratory 

liquefaction 

liquefy 

metallic 

methyl 

naphtha 

nickel 

odor 

odorous 


oxidize 

oxygen 

paraffin 

petroleum 

poison 

porcelain 

potassium 

precipitate 

precipitation 

protein 

qualitative 

quantitative 

receptacle 

scientific 

sensitive 

soluble 

test-tube 

vacuum 

valency 

viscosity 

volatil  or  volatile 

volatilization 

volume 

volumetric 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


55 


DOMESTIC   SCIENCE 
COOKING 


absorption 

crystallized 

palatable 

accessory  or  accessary  dessert 

pancreatic 

acetic 

dietary 

parasite 

adulteration 

dietetics 

paring 

albumen 

digestible 

pasteurize 

alcohol 

edible 

pate  de  foie  gras 

alimentary 

emulsify 

peel 

alkaline 

flavor 

percolator 

aluminum  or  alumin- 

fluids 

pimento 

ium  (I) 

gastric 

poached 

ammonia 

giblets 

potatoes 

anchovies 

gizzard 

poultry 

antiseptic 

gluten 

pour 

appearance 

glycogen 

protein 

appetite 

griddle 

ptomain  or  -ine  (I) 

asparagus 

ingredients 

recipe « 

assimilate 

kernel 

rennet 

banana 

laboratory 

rinse 

beverage 

lactic 

salad 

biscuit 

leaven 

salicylic 

cafTein  or  caffeine  (I)  lentil 

saliva 

calorie 

macaroni 

sandwich 

caramel 

marmalade 

saute 

carbohydrate 

mayonnaise 

scald 

casserole 

menu 

scalloped  or  scolloped 

cauliflower 

meringue 

(i) 

caviar  or  caviare 

muscle 

sherbet 

cellulose 

muscular 

sieve 

cereal 

nitrogenous 

sirloin 

chocolate 

nutriment 

souffle 

coconut  or  cocoanut 

nutritive 

spinach 

(i) 

odor 

steak 

consistency 

oleomargarin  or 

-ine    steep 

croquette 

(i) 

stewed 

croutons 

omelet 

tannic 

56 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


COOKING— Continued 


tapioca 

vegetable 

waitress 

tartar 

vinegar 

waste 

temperature 

viscera 

wring 

vanilla 

waffle-irons 

yolk 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


HOUSEHOLD 

ARTS 

adjustable 

chandelier 

drain 

alkali 

Chippendale 

economics 

ammonia 

chloroform 

extension 

analogous 

cholera 

fermentation 

anopheles 

Circassian 

fomentation 

antidote 

cockroach 

furnace 

architecture 

complementary 

furniture 

atomizer 

connections  or 

germicide 

balance 

connexions 

glycerin  or  glycerine 

baluster 

contagion 

a) 

bedstead 

contaminate 

hearth 

beetle 

convenience 

hemorrhage 

birch 

counterpane 

Heppelwhite 

bluing 

decoration 

hypodermic 

buffet 

deodorant 

illuminating 

bureau 

deterioration 

infection 

cabinet 

dining 

ingredients 

capillary 

dining  room 

insecticide 

cellar 

dinner 

labor-saving 

cement 

distillation 

larvae 

LEARN     TO    SPELL 


57 


HOUSEHOLD   ARTS  — Continued 


laudanum 

mucus  (n.) 

sedimentation 

laundering 

pasteurize 

sewage 

lavatory 

peppermint 

Sheraton 

lead  (a  metal) 

piano 

siphonage 

linoleum 

pillow 

site 

machine 

plenum 

stupes 

mahogany 

plumbing 

suite    • 

malaria 

pneumatic 

sulfur  or  sulphur  (I) 

malarial 

poison 

susceptibility 

mantel 

porch 

tenement 

mantelpiece 

poultice 

trichina 

mattress 

pupae 

trichinosis 

mirror 

receipt 

typhoid 

miscellaneous 

receptacle 

utensils 

molding  or  moulding  refrigerator 

vacuum 

(i) 

respiration 

veranda  or  verandah 

mucous  {adj.) 

sanitation 

weathered 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

SEWING 

alpaca 

bodice 

chally  or  challis  (I) 

applique 

boll 

chambray 

appropriateness 

brilliantine 

chemise 

baling 

burlap,  burlaps 

chenille 

basting 

buttons 

chiffon 

batiste 

calendering 

cocoons 

bias 

calico 

colonial 

biased  or  biassed  (I) 

cambric 

complimentary 

bleaching 

carding 

conductivity 

58 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


corduroy 

crape 

crepe  de  chine 

cretonne 

crinoline 

decollete 

delaine 

denim 

drapery 

economical 

eider-down 

embroidery 

feather-stitch 

fiber  or  fibre  (I) 

fichu 

filament 

flannel 

foulard 

gabardine  or  gaber 

dine  (I) 
gingham 
ginning 
gore 
hackling 
hanks 
harnessing 
heddles 
herring-bone 
honiton 
huckaback 

1  The  form  pleat  is  used 


SEWING  — Continued 

hygienic 
initial 
insertion 
ironing-board 
jabot 
Jacquard 
jute 
khaki 
kimono 
laundering 
laundry 
lingerie 
long  cloth 
madras 
measurements 
mending 
mercerization 
messaline 
•     mitering  or  mitre- 
ing  (I) 
moire 
nainsook 
organdies 
ornamentation 
passementerie 
pattern 
peplum 
percale 
petticoat 
pique 

colloquially,  but  is  not  found 


plaited1  (I) 

pongee 

reeling 

retting 

ripping 

ruffle 

sateen 

scissors 

scutching 

seam 

selvage  or  selvedge  (I) 

shearing 

shoddy 

simplicity 

spinning 

suede 

taffeta 

textiles 

varieties 

voile 

waist 

warp 

waste 

weighting 

woof 

woolen  or  woollen  (I) 

worsted 


yarn 
yoke 
zephyr 

n  literary  usage. 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


59 


abstinence 

deficit 

Malthusian 

altruism 

depreciation 

marketing 

amortize 

diminishing 

mercantile 

artificer    . 

dissolve 

monetary 

assessment 

employee 

monopoly 

bankruptcy 

entrepreneur 

mortgage 

bimetalism 

exchangeability 

necessaries 

bourgeois 

exorbitant 

panicky 

boycott 

fiat 

pecuniary 

budget 

franc 

reciprocity 

bullion 

franchise 

salable 

capital 

gild 

satiety 

census 

gross 

seigniorage 

competition 

higgling 

specie 

collateral 

increment 

statistics 

cooperation 

laissez  fatre 

syndicate 

corporation 

lien 

tariff 

debtor 

luxury 

utilities 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


60 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


GEOGRAPHY   (DESCRIPTIVE) 


Abyssinia 
agriculture 
Aleutian  Islands 
Alleghany  Mountains 
Allegheny  City  (Pa.) 
alluvial 
Antarctic 
Apennines 
Appalachian 
archipelago 
Arctic 
bananas 

Bangkok  (Siam) 
bayou 

Berkeley  (Cal.) 
Bermuda  Islands 
Bismarck  (N.D.) 
Bordeaux  (France) 
British  Isles 
Buenos  Aires  (Argen- 
tina) 
Buffalo  (N.Y.) 
buoys 

Cairo  (Egypt) 
Calais  (France) 
Calcutta  (India) 
capital  (cf.  capitol) 
Caribbean  Sea 
Chesapeake 
Chile 

Cincinnati  (Ohio) 
cinnamon 
coffee 
commerce 
Connecticut 
Constantinople 


continents 

copper 

coral 

crystals 

Delaware 

desert 

Des  Moines  (Iowa) 

Ecuador 

Edinburgh  (Scotland) 

Eskimos 

European 

Everest  (Mount) 

fauna 

Fujiyama  (mountain) 

geography 

geysers 

Gibraltar 

giraffe 

glaciers 

government 

granite 

Great  Britain 

Grecian 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Guiana 

Haiti 

harbor 

Hatteras 

Hawaiian  Islands 

Himalaya 

Hongkong  (China) 

icebergs 

Illinois 

Indianapolis  (Ind.) 

isthmus 


Johannesburg  (South 

Africa) 
Labrador 
latitude 

Leipzig  or  Leipsic 
llamas 
longitude 
Louisiana 
Louisville  (Ky.) 
mackerel 
Madagascar 
Madeira 
Manila 
manufactures 
maritime 

Marseilles  (France) 
Massachusetts 
Mediterranean 
Melbourne  (Victoria) 
Michigan 
Minneapolis 
Mississippi 
Missouri 
Morocco 
mountainous 
Munich  (Germany) 
Narragansett 
negroes 
Niagara 
Nueces 
occupations 
Oklahoma 
Ottawa  (Canada) 
Paraguay 
Peking  (China) 
peninsula 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


61 


GEOGRAPHY    (DESCRIPTIVE)  —  Continued 


Schenectady  {NY.) 

Schuylkill 

Shanghai  {China) 

Sicily 

Sierra  Nevada 

steppe 

strait 


Philippines 
Pikes  Peak 
Pittsburgh  {Pa.) 
plains 
plateaus 
Pontchartrain 
Popocatepetl  (vol 

cano  in  Mexico)       sugar 
Portuguese  Susquehanna 

Poughkeepsie  {N.  Y.)  Sweden 
promontories  Tallahassee 

Pyrenees  temperate 

Quito  {Ecuador)  Tennessee 

Rio  de  Janeiro  {Brazil)  territories 
Rio  Grande  Tientsin  {China) 

Savannah  {Ga.)  tobacco 


Tokio  or  Tokyo 
{Japan) 

trade  winds 

Transvaal 

Trieste  {Austria- 
Hungary) 

Uruguay 

valleys 

Valparaiso  {Chile) 

vegetation 

Venezuela 

Venice  (Italy) 

Vienna  {Austria- 
Hungary) 

Yangtze-kiang 

Yokohama  {Japan) 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


62 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY 


abysmal 

esker 

piedmont 

abyss 

geyser 

playas 

aggraded 

igneous 

polyp 

alkali 

isobar 

prairies 

anticline 

joint  plane 

precipitation 

arroyo 

kame 

pseudo 

atoll 

laccolith 

reefs 

avalanche 

lacustrine 

rejuvenated 

boulder  or  bowlder 

littoral 

residual 

caldera 

llanos 

sedimentary 

campos 

loess 

spectrum 

chasm 

mesa 

sphagnum 

circumpolar 

metamorphic 

steppe 

cordillera 

monadnocks 

stratification 

cumulus 

monocline 

stratum 

debris 

moraine 

strata  {pi.) 

denudation 

neve 

stratus 

diathermanous 

ooze 

superimposed 

dike 

pelagic 

syncline 

epicenter 

peneplain 

talus 

erosion 

perennials 

tributaries 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


63 


GEOLOGY 

acidic 

drumlins 

pumice 

Aleutian  Islands 

Eocene 

quaternary 

alluvial 

fissure 

rhamphorhynchus 

ammonite 

forest 

receding 

annelid 

glacier 

reindeer 

antarctic 

granite 

Sacramento 

arctic 

ichthyosaur 

schist 

auriferous 

jaguar 

sediment 

bare 

knolls 

seepage 

bitumen 

labyrinthodont 

seismic 

bituminous 

mammal 

sigillaria 

bvsmalith 

moccasin 

stratified 

cinder 

mollusk 

stratum 

coral 

Neocene 

strata  (pi.) 

cordillera 

orifice 

stria 

correlation 

pelecypod 

striae  (pi.) 

cretaceous 

Permian 

Triassic 

crystalline 

plain 

.  tubercle 

crystalloids 

prairie 

valleys 

deer  {sing,  and  pi.) 

pterodactyl 

wearing 

- 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

• 

, 

64 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


GOVERNMENT   (CIVICS) 


ambassador 

cession  (cf.  session) 

dependencies 

amendments 

collector 

domicile 

annexation 

commission 

electors 

appellate 

committee 

eligible 

apportionment 

community 

emancipation 

assessor 

concurrence 

embassy 

attorneys 

congressional 

eminent  domain 

authoritative 

constitutional 

enactment 

authorities 

copyright 

extraordinarv 

ballot 

corporation 

federal 

bankruptcy 

council 

forfeiture 

booths 

councilor  or 

government 

cabinet 

councillor  (I) 

governor 

canvass 

counsel 

habeas  corpus 

capital 

counselor  or 

homicide 

capitol 

counsellor  (I) 

immunity 

carriers 

currency 

impeachment 

certificates 

delegate 

independence 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


65 


GOVERNMENT    (CIVICS)  - 

-Continued 

indictment 

municipalities 

respectively 

inheritance 

naturalization 

secretarial 

insurrection 

nominee 

secretary 

interstate 

nullification 

session  (cf.  cession) 

intestate 

penitentiary 

sheriff 

issue 

plenipotentiary 

sovereignty 

jeopardy 

politics  (sing.) 

suffrage 

judicial 

polls 

superintendent 

judiciary 

poll-tax 

tariff 

jurisdiction 

precinct 

tax-assessor 

legality 

privilege 

tax-collector 

legislatures 

procedure 

territorial 

lobby 

proceedings 

unanimous 

lobbyist 

proclamation 

usurpation 

militia  . 

qualifications 

utilities 

monopolies 

ratification 

voting 

municipal 

representative 

warring 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


66 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


Allegheny  (Mts.) 
Amerigo  Vespucci 
Antietam 
Appomattox 
Aztecs 
Beauregard 
Braddock 
British 
Buena  Vista 
Burgoyne 
centennial 
Chesapeake 
Chicago 
Chickamauga 
committees  of  corre- 
spondence 
Connecticut 
continental 
Delaware 
De  Soto 
electoral  college 
emancipation 
Faneuil 
Filipino 
Harvard 


HISTORY 
AMERICAN   HISTORY 

Hawaii 

inauguration 

Johnston 

Ku-Klux  Klan 

Lafayette 

La  Salle 

Louisiana 

Magellan 

Manila 

Massachusetts 

Massasoit 

Merrimac 

Michigan 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Monitor 

Montcalm 

New  Hampshire 

nullification 

Oglethorpe 

Oklahoma 

Opechancanough 

Philadelphia 

Philippines 

Pizarro 


Portuguese 

Powhatan 

representatives 

Roanoke 

Roosevelt 

salary 

secede 

secession 

Sioux 

sovereignty 

Spanish 

specie 

Sumter 

Swedish 

tariff 

Tarleton 

Tecumseh 

Tennessee 

Ticonderoga 

Tippecanoe 

Vincennes 

Wesley 

Whitefield 

Wolfe 

Yemassee 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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67 


ANCIENT   HISTORY 


Achilles 

Bosporus 

.  cynics 

Acropolis 

Buddha 

decemvirs 

Aegean 

Bvzantine 

Demosthenes 

Aegospotami 

Caesar 

Dionysius 

Aeneid 

Catiline 

Dionysus  (Bacchus) 

Aeschylus 

Catullus 

Epaminondas 

Alcibiades 

Cheops 

Euboea 

Alexander 

Christianity 

Euphrates 

Alexandria 

Cicero 

Gracchus 

amphictyonic 

Cincinnatus 

Hannibal 

Apennines 

Coliseum  or 

Hellenes 

Apollo 

Colosseum 

Herodotus 

aqueduct 

colonnades 

hieroglyphics 

Areopagus 

column 

Iliad 

Aristotle 

Constantinople 

Israel 

Assyria 

•  consul 

Jerusalem 

Attica 

Crassus 

Jupiter 

Babvlonia 

Croesus 

martyr 

Boeotia 

cuneiform 

Mesopotamia 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


68 


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ANCIENT  HISTORY— Continued 


Mycenae 

Philip 

Tacitus 

Nebuchadnezzar  or 

Philippic 

Tarpeian 

Nebuchadrezzar 

Phoenicians 

Themistocles 

Nicaea 

plebeian 

Thermopylae 

Nineveh 

Pompeii 

Theseus 

Odyssey 

pretor  or  praetor  (I) 

Thucydides 

oligarchy 

Ptolemy 

Tigris 

Olympic 

pyramids 

triumvirate 

ostracism 

Pyrrhus 

tyranny 

Ostrogoths 

Scipio 

tyrant 

Palatine 

Scythians 

Vergil 

Pantheon 

Seleucidae 

Visigoths 

papyrus 

Sennacherib 

Volscians 

Parthenon 

sibylline 

Xenophon 

Peloponnesian 

Sicily 

Xerxes 

Perioeci 

Solomon 

Zeus 

pharaohs 

Syracuse 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

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69 


MEDIEVAL   HISTORY 


Aachen 

fief 

Plantagenet 

Agincourt 

Ghibelline 

Poitiers 

Alaric 

Guelph 

Portuguese 

allodial 

Hegira 

primogeniture 

Anjou 

Heptarchy 

Raflael  or  Raphael  (I) 

Aquitania 

Jerusalem 

Renaissance 

Arianism 

Jesuits 

Rienzi 

Artois 

Languedoc 

Runnymede 

ascetic 

Leonardo  da  Vinci 

Saladin 

Attila 

Leyden 

Salerno 

Avignon 

liege 

Saracens 

Barbarossa 

Lollards 

Savonarola 

benefice 

Loyola 

schism 

Boccaccio 

Machiavelli 

schismatic 

caliph 

martyr 

Seljuks 

Capetians 

medieval  or 

serfs 

Catholicism 

mediaeval  (I) 

simony 

celibacy 

Merovingians 

Soissons 

Charlemagne 

Michelangelo 

subinfeudation 

chivalry 

Mohammed 

Tamerlane 

Crecy 

Mohammedanism 

Tatars  or  Tartars 

Danelaw 

monasteries 

Teutons 

Diocletian 

monasticism 

Titian 

ecumenical  or 

Nibelungenlied 

troubadours 

oecumenical  (I) 

Ommiad 

trouveurs 

excommunicate 

papacy 

Valois 

Ferdinand 

parliament 

Vasco  da  Gama 

feudalism 

pilgrimage 

vassals 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

0 

70 


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MODERN   EUROPEAN   HISTORY 


Alsace 

Hospitalers 

Raleigh 

Anne  Boleyn 

Huguenots 

Reichstag 

Aragon 

La  Rochelle 

Richelieu 

Armada 

Lorraine x 

Robespierre 

Baptists 

Louis  Philippe 

Rousseau 

Bastille 

Magdeburg 

Salisbury 

Bismarck 

Magna  Charta 

Schleswig-Holstein 

Blenheim 

Magyars 

Sebastopol 

Bliicher 

Marlborough 

Sedan 

borough 

Marie  Antoinette 

Sepoys 

bourgeoisie 

Marseillaise 

Smalkaldic  League 

Britain 

Maximilian 

Soudan 

Briton 

Mazarin 

Stein 

Brittany 

Mazzini 

Stuart 

Calais 

Medici 

Sweden 

Cavaliers 

Metternich 

Talleyrand 

Crecy 

Mirabeau 

Trafalgar 

Czechs 

Moliere 

Transvaal 

Disraeli 

Napoleon  Bonaparte 

Tudor 

Dreyfus 

Naseby 

Tuileries 

duchess 

Nicholas 

Utrecht 

Edinburgh  (pro- 

parlement (Fr.) 

Versailles 

nounce  boro) 

parliament  (Eng.) 

Victor  Emmanuel 

European 

Plantagenet 

Vienna 

Gibraltar 

Plassey 

Voltaire 

girondists 

Pomerania 

Wallenstein 

guillotine 

Presbyterians 

Wolsey 

Hague 

proprietary 

Worcester 

Hampden 

Protestantism 

Wyclif  or  Wycliffe 

Hapsburgs 

Puritanism 

Ypres 

Hohenstaufen 

Pyrenees 

Zurich 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

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71 


GENERAL   HISTORY   TERMS 


adviser 

cannonade 

dependent 

allegiance 

Catholicism 

diocese 

allies 

chief 

diplomacy 

ambassador 

chronological 

dying 

anachronism 

civilization 

ecclesiastic 

anarchy 

colonies 

elected 

annexation 

colonization 

embassy 

annihilate 

commander 

emperor 

annul 

commercial 

enemies 

armies 

communication 

epochs 

artillery 

compelled 

error 

assassination 

conqueror 

evacuate 

attacked 

conspiracy 

financial 

authority 

controlled 

foreign 

authorize 

controversy 

fortifying 

beginning 

cooperation 

forty 

belligerent 

council 

fugitive 

blockade 

courageous 

government 

boundaries 

damaged 

governor 

campaigns 

democracy 

guards 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

• 

72 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


GENERAL   HISTORY  TERMS— Continued 


habeas  corpus 

opponents 

seize 

heresy 

opposite 

separation 

hostility 

orthodox 

siege 

independence 

partition 

soldiers 

interregnum 

patrimony 

sovereign 

lieutenant 

petition 

strategic 

loyalty 

pilgrim 

surrender 

maneuver 

predecessor 

sympathy 

manufacturing 

prestige 

territorial 

maritime 

privilege 

territories 

massacre 

procedure 

Teutonic 

massacred 

proclamation 

throne 

Mediterranean 

recruits 

treachery 

mercenary 

reinforcements 

tyranny 

militia 

regime 

vandalism 

neutral 

reign 

village 

ninety 

religious 

vicinity 

obliged 

sanguinary 

volunteer 

occurred 

scheme 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


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73 


MATHEMATICS 


#                  ALGEBRA 

algebraic 

graphical 

proportion 

binomial 

homogeneous 

prove 

coefficient 

hypothetical 

quadratics 

eliminate 

.incommensurable 

radical 

elimination 

indeterminate 

similar 

equally 

index 

simultaneous 

equation 

indices  (pi.) 

solvable 

exponent 

logarithm 

substitution 

factoring 

parenthesis 

theorem 

functions 

parentheses  (pi.) 

theory 

graph 

polynomial 

unity 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


74 


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ARITHMETIC 

accuracy 

divide 

numeration 

addition 

divisible 

numerator 

aliquot 

divisor 

partial 

amount 

eighth 

pence 

annuities 

factors 

pennyweight 

approximate 

figure 

perch 

Arabic 

forty 

principal 

arithmetic 

fourth 

principles 

avoirdupois 

fraction 

promissory 

balance 

gallon 

proportion 

barrel 

gill 

quantities 

brokerage 

integer 

quotient 

cancelation  or 

interest 

ratio 

cancellation  (I) 

linear 

standard 

cipher 

mathematics 

sterling 

column 

mensuration 

straight 

commission 

minuend 

subtrahend 

common 

multiple 

svmbols 

cord 

multiplicand 

twelfth 

cylinder 

multiplication 

twenty-fourth 

decimal 

naught 

unit 

denominate 

nineteenth 

volume 

denominator 

ninety-nine 

weights 

difference 

ninth 

zeros 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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75 


GEOMETRY 

acute 

frustum 

principal 

adjacent 

homologous 

principle 

angle 

hypothesis 

prism 

arc 

hypothetical 

pyramid 

bisector 

imaginary 

radius 

chord 

intersect 

rhomboid 

circumference 

isosceles 

rhombus 

coincide 

magnitude 

scalene 

coincidence 

opposite 

secant 

complementary 

original 

similar 

corollary 

parallel 

spherical 

diagonal 

parallelepiped  or 

stationary 

diagonally 

parallelepipedon 

straight 

ellipse 

parallelogram 

supplementary 

elliptical 

perimeter 

symmetrical 

equally 

perpendicular 

tangent 

equilateral 

plane 

theorem 

equivalent 

polygon 

volume 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


76 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


MUSIC 


accelerando  (ak  sel'er  an'do) 

accompaniment 

Eolian  or  ^olian  (I) 

allegro  (al  la/gro) 

allegretto  (al  la'gret'to) 

andante  (an  dan'ta) 

anthem 

arpeggio  (ar  ped'jo) 

barytone  or  baritone  (I) 

bass 

bass  drum 

bassos  {pi.  of  basso) 

Beethoven  (Ba'to  ven) 

cadence 

cantabile  (kan  ta'be  la) 

cantata  (kan  ta'td) 

carol 

castanets 

cello  or  'cello  (cheTo)1 

choir  or  quire 

choral  {adj.) 

chord 

chorister 

chorus 

Chopin  (sh6  paN') 

chromatic 

clarinet 

clef 

concertos  (k6n  cher'toz) 

contralto 

contrapuntal 

cor'net 

crescendo  (kre  shen'do) 

cymbals 

diapason 


diatonic 

diminuendo 

dissonance 

divided 

dolce  (d61'cha) 

eighth 

encore  (aN'k6r') 

exercises 

fifth     . 

finale  (fe  nala) 

forte  (for'ta) 

fortissimo 

fugue 

Gounod  (goo'n6') 

guitar 

harmonious 

harmony 

Haydn  (ha'd'n) 

hymn 

II  Trovatore  (troVa  to're) 

interval 

largo 

legato 

Liszt  (list) 

lyre 

maestoso  (ma'es  to'so) 

major 

mandolin  or  mandoline  (I) 

mazurka 

melodies 

melodious 

Mendelssohn  (men'del  son) 

metronome 

mezzo 

minor 


1  An  abbreviation  for  violoncello. 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


11 


MUSIC— Continued 


Mozart  (M6'zart) 

musical  (adj.) 

musicale  (n.) 

nocturne 

opus,  pi.  opera 

operas 

operetta 

oratorios 

orchestration 

pianissimo  (pe'd  nis'i  m6) 

pianos 

piccolo 

piece 

polonaise 

polyphonic 

prima  donna 

quartet  or  quartette  (I) 

reed 

retard 

rhapsody 

rhythm 

rhythmically 

ritardando  (re'tar  dan'do)1 

scale 

scherzo  (sker'tso) 

1  Often  abbreviated  riL  and  ritard. 


schottische  or  schottish 

Schubert  (shoc/bert) 

Schumann  (shoo'man) 

semitone 

serenade 

sextet  or  sextette  (I) 

snare-drum 

solos 

sonatas 

sotto  voce  (sot'to  vo'cha) 

staff 

stave  (Eng.) 
staffs 

staves  (Eng.) 
symphonies 
syncopation 
tambourines 
tenor    . 
tuning-fork 
viola  (ve  o'ld) 
violoncello  (ve'6  Ion  cheTo) 
Wagner  (vag'ner) 
waltz 
xylophone 
zither 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


78 


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PHYSICS 

aberration 

disk  or  disc  (I) 

liquefy 

acceleration 

•  dissolve 

metallic 

achromatic 

dynamo 

oscillation 

ammeter 

elasticity 

physics 

analysis 

electrolysis 

plasticity 

aperture 

equilibrium 

polarization 

apparatus 

expansion 

porous 

aqueous 

experiment 

potential 

armature 

Fahrenheit 

pulleys 

arrester 

gas 

rarefied 

buoyancy 

gases  (pi.) 

reversible 

calibration 

gravitation 

Roentgen 

calories 

gravity 

sensibility 

capacity 

hydraulic 

sensitive 

capillary 

hydrostatic 

siphon 

Centigrade 

hysteresis 

solenoid 

centrifugal 

incandescent 

stationary 

centripetal 

incidence 

temperature 

circuit 

inductance 

tension 

commutator 

inertia 

torque 

complementary 

intensity 

transparency 

conductor 

ionization 

vacuum 

crystallization 

laboratory 

velocity 

cylinder 

lens 

viscosity 

dielectric 

Ley  den  jar 

viscous 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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79 


PHYSIOLOGY 

adenoid 

clavicle 

esophageal  or  oesoph- 

alimentary 

coccyx 

ageal  (I) 

antidote 

contagious 

esophagus  or  oesoph- 

antiseptic 

corpuscles 

agus  (I) 

appendicitis 

crystal 

Eustachian 

arteries 

cuticle 

flagellum 

auricle 

diaphragm 

flagella  {pi.) 

bacillus 

diarrhea  or  diarrhoea 

,  gelatin  or  gelatine  (I) 

bacilli  {pi.) 

(i) 

glvcerin  or  glycerine 

beneficial 

digestible 

(i) 

biceps 

diphtheria 

hemorrhage 

buccal 

disease  (cf .  decease) 

hereditary 

caffein 

dissection 

humerus 

capillary 

dissipation 

hygiene 

carapace 

dysentery 

ileum  (part  of  intes- 

cartilage 

dyspepsia 

tine) 

catarrh 

eczema 

ilium  (a  bone) 

cilium 

epiglottis 

inflammation 

cilia  {pi.) 

erysipelas 

interstitial 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

80 


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PHYSIOLOGY- 

—Continued 

irritable 

periosteum 

sexual 

lacrimal  or  lachrymal  pharynx 

species 

•a)- 

physiology 

stimulant 

larynx 

pleurisy 

stomach 

ligament 

pneumonia 

symptom 

malaria 

poison 

syringe 

male 

poisonous 

tissue 

membranous 

ptomain 

tongue 

meningitis 

pyorrhea  or 

pyor-       torsus 

mucous  (adj.) 

rhoea  (I) 

trachea 

mucus  (n.) 

retina 

tuberculosis 

muscles 

rheumatism 

vaccinate 

pancreas 

saliVa 

veins 

paraffin 

sal'ivary 

venous 

paralysis 

sanitary 

vigorous 

parasite 

secrete 

virus 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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81 


Language  and  Literature 

AMERICAN   LITERATURE 


Aldrich 

Alhambra 

antislavery 

autocrat 

Audubon 

Biglow 

Bowdoin 

Bryant 

Bumpo  or  Bumppo 

Bunner 

Burnett 

Burroughs 

Carman 

Carryl,  Guy  Wetmore 

Cary 

Cawein 

Chattahoochee 

Clemens,  Samuel  Langhorne 


commemoration 

Cooke 

Cooper 

Craddock,  Charles  Egbert 

Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo 

Esten  (John  Esten  Cooke) 

Evangeline 

Fanshawe 

Fauntleroy 

Fenimore 

Freneau 

Gettysburg 

Guiney 

Harte,  Francis  Bret 

Harvard 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel 

Hayne,  Paul  Hamilton 

Hiawatha 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


82 


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AMERICAN   LITERATURE— Continued 


Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell 

Howells 

Ichabod 

Irving 

Israfel 

Knickerbocker 

Lanier,  Sidney 

Launfal 

Leatherstocking 

Ligeia 

Lincoln 

Longfellow,  Henry  Wads  worth 

Lowell,  James  Russell 

Marco  Bozzaris 

Miller,  Joaquin 

Murfree,  Mary  Noailles 

Ossoli,  Margaret  Fuller 


Outre  Mer 

Pocahontas 

Poe,  Edgar  Allan 

Riley,  James  Whitcomb 

Salmagundi 

Saracinesca 

Simms,  William  Gilmore 

Snow-Bound 

Thanatopsis 

Thoreau,  Henry  David 

Ticknor,  Francis  Orray 

Timrod,  Henry 

transcendentalism 

Ulalume 

Whittier,  John  Greenleaf 

Whitman,  Walt 

Yemassee 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


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83 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE 


Adonais 

Amoretti 

Anglo-Saxon 

Areopagitica 

Arnold,  Matthew 

Arthurian 

Atalanta 

Austen,  Jane 

Bannockburn 

Beowulf 

bestiary 

Boccaccio 

Britain 

Britannia 

Brobdingnagian 

Bunyan 

Burns's 

Bysshe 

Caedmon 

Caliban 

Calydon 


Canterbury 

Carlyle 

Catholicism 

Chaucer 

Chillon 

Coleridge 

Copperfield 

Coverley 

Cymbeline 

Cynewulf 

Desdemona 

Disraeli 

Edinburgh 

Eliot,  George 

Elizabethan 

Epithalamion 

Faerie  Queene 

(original) 
Faery  Queen 

(modernized) 
Fitz  Gerald 


Galahad 

Gawayne  or  Gawain 

Geoffrey 

Giaour 

Gorboduc 

Gray,  Thomas 

Guinevere 

Gulliver 

Houyhnhum 

Iago 

Idylls  (of  the  King) 

II  Penseroso 

Ivanhoe 

Jekyll 

Johnson,  Samuel 

Jonson,  Ben 

Julius  Caesar 

Khayyam 

Keats' s 

Lalla  Rookh 

L'Allegro 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


84 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE  — Continued 


Lilliputians 

Lycidas 

Macaulay 

Macbeth 

MacFlecknoe 

Manfred 

Marlowe 

Moore,  Thomas 

More,  Sir  Thomas 

Morte  d' Arthur 

Othello 

Petrarchism 

pilgrimage 

Pompeii 

Prothalamion 

Rasselas 

Renaissance 

Rossetti 


Rubaiyat 

Rustum 

Sartor  Resartus 

Scott,  Sir  Walter 

Scottish 

Shakespeare  or 
Shakspere 

Shelley 

Shepheardes  Calen- 
dar (original) 

Shepherd's  Calendar 
(modernized) 

Sidney,  Sir  Philip 

Sohrab 

Spencer,  Herbert 

Spenser,  Edmund 

Spenserian  stanza 

Stevenson 


Swinburne 
Tamburlaine  or 

Tamerlane 
Tarn  o'Shanter 
Tennyson 
Teufelsdrockh 
Thackeray,  William 

Makepeace 
Thomson,  James 
Ulysses 
vicar 
village 
Waverley 

Westminster  Abbey 
Wordsworth 
Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas 
Wyclif  or  Wycliffe 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


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85 


GENERAL     LITERARY  AND  CRITICAL  TERMS 


Aeneid 

chronicle 

fictitious 

allegorical 

classicism 

forceful 

allegory 

climactic 

forcible 

alliteration 

comedies 

genius 

analogous 

comical 

grandeur 

analogues 

commonplace 

humorous 

analytical 

criticism 

iambic 

anonymous 

crucifixion 

idyl  or  idyll  (I) 

appreciation 

dactylic 

Iliad 

author 

drama 

images 

autobiographical 

dramatically 

imaginary 

balanced 

ecclesiastic 

imaginative 

ballads 

elegiac 

imitative 

caricature 

elegies 

incidentally 

Cavalier 

ephemeral 

legendary 

cesura  or  caesura  (I) 

epic 

library 

characteristics 

farcical 

literary 

Christianity 

fascinating 

literature 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


86 


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GENERAL  LITERARY  AND  CRITICAL  TERMS— Continued 


lyric 

origin 

role 

martyrs 

original 

sacrilegious 

masterpiece 

originality 

satire 

medieval 

pageant 

satirical 

metaphor 

parallelism 

satyr 

miracle 

philosophical 

simile 

miscellaneous 

'postage 

sincerity 

miscellanies 

pilgrimage 

smooth 

mysteries 

posthumous 

soliloquy 

narrative 

precocious 

sonnet 

nineteenth  century 

precocity 

style 

nightingale 

pseudonym 

summary 

novel 

religious 

superficial 

Odyssey 

repetition 

tragedy 

onomatopeia  or 

resurrection 

trochaic 

onomatopoeia  (I) 

rhythm 

versatile 

onomatopoetic 

rime  or  rhyme  (I) 

versatility 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


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87 


ablative 

accusative 

adverbially 

affirmative 

agreement 

ambiguous 

analysis 

antecedent 

appositive 

article 

attributive 

auxiliary 

balance 

caricature 

Catiline 

chronological 

coherence 

coherent 

colloquialism 

comparative 

comparison 

complement 

conjugation 

correlative 

declarative 

declension 

definite 


GRAMMAR  AND 
(including  foreign 

dependent 

description 

ellipsis 

elliptical 

exaggeration 

exclamatory 

factitive 

feminine 

figurative 

genitive 

grammar 

grammatical 

hyperbole 

imperative 

indefinite 

independent 

infinitive 

inflections 

interrogative 

intransitive 

irony 

irregular 

Latin 

metaphor 

narration 

narrative 

negative 


RHETORIC 

languages) 


neuter 

nominative 

novel 

parallel 

participial 

participle 

particle 

positive 

possessive 

predicate 

repetition 

rhythms 

satirize 

semicolon 

sentence 

separation 

simile 

Spanish 

substantive 

summary 

syllabication 

syllable 

synecdoche 

synonym 

transitive 

ungrammatical 

writing 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


88 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


Professional  and  Special 
AEROPLANE,  MOTORBOAT,  AND  AUTOMOBILE 


accumulators 

condenser 

monoplane 

adjustment 

controller 

motor 

aerodrome 

coupe 

motorboat 

aerometer 

cylinder 

motorcycle 

aeronaut 

dir'igible 

muffler 

aeronautics 

electromagnet 

multiplane 

aeroplane 

emergence 

parachute 

alternator 

exhaust 

piston 

armature 

flange 

propeller 

ascension 

fly-wheel 

puncture 

automobiling 

friction-clutch 

radiator 

aviation 

gage  or  gauge  (I) 

roadster 

aviator 

garage 

runabout 

balloon 

gas 

rudder 

batteries 

gasoline  or  gasolene 

seaplane 

biplane 

(i) 

shock-absorber 

blow-out 

gears 

short-circuited 

brake 

glider 

spark-plug 

breakdown 

hangar 

speedometer 

brougham 

hydroplane 

steering-wheel 

Cadillac 

hydro-aeroplane 

taxicab 

carbureter 

ignition 

tonneau 

cells 

injector 

tractor 

chassis 

inner  tubing 

valve 

chauffeur 

limousine 

vibrator 

circuit 

lubricator 

wrench 

clutch 

magneto 

Zeppelin 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

LEARN    TO    SPELL 


89 


Aaron 

Exodus 

Nineveh 

Adonijah 

frankincense 

Obadiah 

Agrippa 

Galilee 

patriarch 

Ahasuerus 

Gamaliel 

Pharisee 

Amminadab 

Genesis 

Philemon 

Apollos 

Gennesaret 

Phillippians 

Apollyon 

Gethsemane 

Rachel 

Baal 

Habakkuk 

Rimmon 

Balaam 

Hosanna 

Sabbath 

Baptist 

Hoshea 

Sennacherib 

Barabbas 

Isaac 

sepulcher  or 

Barnabas 

Isaiah 

sepulchre  (I) 

Bathsheba 

Ishmael 

shibboleth 

Bethlehem 

Issachar 

Solomon 

Bethsaida 

Jericho 

Succoth 

Canaan 

Jerusalem 

Tertullus 

Chittim 

Joshua 

Theophilus 

Cyprus  (cf.  cypress) 

Leviticus 

Thessalonica 

Cyrene 

Mesopotamia 

Thyatira 

Deuteronomy 

Mizpah 

Tiglath-Pileser 

Didymus 

Moloch 

Uzziah 

Eleazar 

Mordecai 

Zachariah  or 

Elijah 

myrrh 

Zechariah 

Elisha 

Napthali 

Zebedee 

Enoch 

Nathanael 

Zebulun 

Ephraim 

Nebuchadnezzar 

Zedekiah 

Eunuch 

Nicodemus 

Zerubbabel 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

90 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


BUSINESS 

acceptance 

commission 

filing 

accommodation 

commodities 

financial 

account 

comparatively 

freight 

accrued 

comptroller  or 

guarantee 

acknowledge 

controller 

guarantor 

acknowledgment  or 

confidential 

income 

acknowledgement 

consignee 

incorporate 

(i) 

contract 

indorse  or 

ad  valorem 

copies 

endorse  (I) 

advances 

copy 

insolvent 

advertisement 

corporation 

instalment 

affidavit 

correspondence 

insurance 

allowance 

correspondents 

inventory 

anniversary 

coupon 

invoice 

annual 

creditor 

itemized 

answering 

currency 

jobber 

approximately 

current 

journal 

assets 

damaged 

judgment  or 

attorney 

deficit 

judgement  (I) 

audited 

demurrage 

lading 

auditor 

depreciation 

lease 

auxiliary 

dictation 

ledger 

balance 

difference 

lessor 

bookkeeper 

director 

letterpress 

business 

disbursement 

liabilities 

bonus 

discount 

lien 

cancel 

dishonor 

liquidate 

canceled 

dividend 

litigation 

capital 

double  entry 

maintenance 

certificate 

draft 

maturity 

certified 

exchangeable 

memorandum 

check 

expenditure 

mercantile 

claimant 

expense 

merchandise 

collateral 

explain 

mimeograph 

commerce 

explanation 

mortgaging 

commercial 

extension 

necessary 

LEARN     TO    SPELL 


91 


BUSINESS— Continued 


negotiable 

remitted 

telephone 

net 

replies 

tonnage 

notary  public 

replying 

traffic 

obligations 

representative 

transaction 

oblige 

resources 

transcribe 

options 

respectfully 

transcription 

original 

revenue 

transferred 

outstanding 

salesman 

transferring 

partnership 

schedule 

transmission 

percentage 

security 

transmitted 

policy 

seller 

trial  balance 

preferred 

shipping  clerk 

truly 

preparation 

solvency 

trustee 

principal 

solvent 

typewriter 

principle 

stationery 

validity 

property 

stencil 

value 

proprietor 

stenographer 

voucher 

prorate 

sue 

waive 

quotations 

summarize 

warehouse 

quoting 

sundries 

warranted 

receipt 

surety 

warrantee 

receivable 

surplus 

warranty 

received 

syndicate 

waybill 

recommend 

tare 

wholesale 

reimburse 

tariff 

wiring 

remittance 

telegraph 

yours 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


92 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


adolescence 

apperception 

assimilation 

behavior 

coefficient 

complementary 

compulsory 

convergence 

correlation 

curriculum 

development 

didactics 

differentiation 

discipline 

embryo 

emulation 

ephebos 

epheboi  {pi.) 
exhaustion 
experimentation 
frivolous 
Froebel 
fundamental 


EDUCATION 

group 
Hellenic 
imagination 
imitative 
inherent 
initiative 
intelligence 
kindergarten 
kinesthetic 
Locke 
manual 
Montessori 
nascent 
nervous 
neurology 
nutritious 
ontogeny 
palaestra 
paranoia 
pedagogy 
Pestalozzi 
phenomenon 
phenomena  {pi.) 


phylogeny 

plasticity 

principal 

principle 

professionally 

professor 

psychic 

questionnaire 

Quintilian 

Rabelais 

Rousseau 

schedule 

sensibility 

stimulating 

stimulus 

summaries 

supplementary 

synapsis 

temperament 

temperature 

uniformity 

ventilation 

vestigial 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


93 


ENGINEERING 
ARCHITECTURAL   ENGINEERING 


abutment 

corridor 

housing 

Renaissance 

altar 

epistyle 

medallion 

sheathing 

balustrade 

fagade 

mezzanine 

trellis 

bois  d'arc 

fascia 

nosing 

vermilion 

buttress 

fleche 

pavilion 

voussoir 

ceiling 

frieze 

plancher 

wainscoted 

colonnade 

furring   , 

purlin 

coping 

gunite 

quom 

cornice 

halving 

remodeling 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


CIVIL   ENGINEERING 


abscissa 

coplanar 

orifice 

topographical 

ajutage 

corollary 

parallax 

vernier 

azimuth 

descriptive 

pier 

vertical 

calibration 

hydraulics 

reservoir 

veir 

calipers 

irrigation 

resilience 

collimation 

meridian 

spherical 

cantilever 

offset 

surveyor 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


94 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


ELECTRICAL   ENGINEERING 


aging 

equivalent 

oscillograph 

asbestos 

Foucault 

peripheral 

attenuation 

frequency 

rectifier 

axial 

hysteresis 

rectifying 

balance 

impedance 

synchronizer 

ballistic 

inductance 

transmitter    . 

bus-bars 

magnetizing 

variation 

commutator 

measuring 

wattmeter 

condenser 

mil 

dielectric 

multiphase 

ADDITIONAL 

WORDS 

MECHANICAL   ENGINEERING 

adiabatic 

economizer 

liquefying 

calorimeter 

ejector 

lubricator 

carburetor 

exhaust 

piezometer 

clearance 

flexure 

reversible 

compressor 

helical 

torsion 

condenser 

humidity 

turbine 

Corliss 

hypocycloid 

vane 

eccentric 

irreversible 

vaporization 

ADDITIONAL 

WORDS 

LEARN     TO    SPELL 


95 


GENERAL   ENGINEERING   TERMS 


acceleration 

equilibrium 

planning 

alinement  or 

flexible 

proportion 

alignment  (I) 

fundamental 

quantity 

auxiliary 

gaseous 

reinforced 

ballast 

homogeneous 

resilience 

centrifugal 

isosceles 

riveted 

centripetal 

kinematic 

sanitary 

column 

laboratories 

seepage 

concurrent 

lateral 

specifications 

crystallize 

leakage 

tenacity 

curvilinear 

maintenance 

tensile 

cycle 

mattock 

tension  ' 

cycloid 

metallurgy 

theorem 

datum 

millimeter 

tracing 

data  {pi.) 

oscillation 

turbine 

depreciation 

phenomenon 

vacuum 

dimension 

phenomena  {pi.) 

vapor 

elasticity 

pillar 

vertex 

ellipse 

planing 

vertices  {pi.) 

epicycloid 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


96 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


LAW 


abetting 

accomplice 

adjudicate 

affidavit 

agistment 

alienate 

allegata 

allegator 

amercement 

annuities 

appellant 

appellee 

apprentice 

appurtenance 

arraigned 

attachment 

authoritative 

avoidance 

bailiffs 

capias 

certiorari 

cestui  que  trust 

codicil 

committee 

constitutional 

coparcenary 

corporeal 

corroborate 

counselor 

coverture 

curtesy  (tenant  by; 

cf .  courtesy) 
deceased 
decedent 
defeasance 
defendant 


demurrer 

descent 

differentiate 

dilatory 

discernible 

disseizin 

dissent 

eleemosynary 

embezzlement 

employees 

estoppel 

extraterritorial 

feoffment 

feud 

fiduciary 

forfeiture 

fraudulent 

genuineness 

habeas  corpus 

hereditaments 

hereditary 

holograph 

incapacities 

inchoate 

incorporeal 

indefinite 

indict 

inherent 

inseparable 

instrument 

intervener 

intestate 

invalidate 

irrevocable 

jeopardy 

judgment 


legitimacy 

lessee 

liable 

libel 

license 

lien 

maritime 

messuage 

minor 

miscegenation 

misfeasance 

misprision 

mortgage 

mortmain 

municipal 

negligence 

nuisance 

peremptory 

petit  jury  or  petty 

jury 
plaintiff 
precedent  (n.) 
prece'dent  (adj.) 
precinct 
prerogative 
principal  and  agent 
procedure 
promissory 
proximate 
quizmaster 
quizzes 
rebuttable 
rescission 
recognizance 
respondent 
responsible 


reversionary 
scire  facias 
seizin  or  seisin 
separate 
socage 
sovereignty 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 

LAW — Continued 

subpoena  or  subpena  unappropriated 

(I)  usurious 

supersedeas  venire  facias 

support  villein  (cf.  villain) 

sureties 
tortious 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


97 


98 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


MANUAL  ARTS 


adjustment 

cutting 

giving 

angle 

cylinder 

gouge 

anneal 

cypress 

groove 

annular 

design 

heartwood 

auger 

detail 

height 

beveled  or  bevelled 

diagonal 

jointer 

(I) 

diameter 

kiln 

bit 

dividers 

knob 

board 

dowel 

knurl 

boring 

doweled  or 

dowelled 

lacquer 

brace 

(i) 

lathe 

brazing 

eccentric 

laths 

calipers  or  callipers 

elevation 

length 

(i) 

emery 

manual 

center  or  centre  (I) 

exercise 

measurement 

chestnut 

ferrule 

medullary 

chisel 

filing 

metallic 

cold  chisel 

filling 

miter  or  mitre  (I) 

chiseling  or  chiselling  gage  or  gauge 

(I) 

miter-box 

(i) 

gear 

miter-joint 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


LEARN    TO*  SPELL   >,>/•%?, ,H^ 


MANUAL   ARTS— Continued 


mortise 

rabbet 

solder 

orthographic 

radius 

square 

panel 

raising 

steel 

paneling  or  panelling 

ratchet 

structural 

(i) 

reamer 

T-square  or  tee-square 

pattern 

rhythm 

tenon 

perspective 

rivet 

tracing 

piece 

riveted  or  rivetted 

try-square     or    tri- 

pincers 

© 

square 

plain 

scale 

tuyere 

plane 

screwdriver 

vertical 

planing 

sharpening 

vise 

planning 

shellac 

walnut 

poplar 

shellacked 

width 

practise  or  practice  (I)  skew 

wrench 

projection 

smooth 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


mo 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


MILITARY   TACTICS 


abattis 

billeted 

detachment 

accouterments  or  ac- 

bivouac 

disciplinary 

coutrements  (I) 

bivouacked 

discipline 

adjutant 

blockade 

dispensary 

aerial 

bore 

dress  parade 

aeronautics 

breech 

echelon 

aeroplane 

brevet 

enemy 

aide 

brigade 

extractor 

aide-de-camp 

brigadier 

firing 

aides-de-camp 

bulletin-board 

furlough 

alinement  or  align- 

caisson 

fusillade 

ment  (I) 

caliber  or  calibre 

(I)    garrison 

ambulance 

cannon 

guard 

ammunition 

cannonading 

impregnable 

annihilate 

canteen 

insignia 

aperture 

captaincy 

inspector 

appearance 

carriage 

insubordination 

appointment 

cartridge 

interned 

armament 

casualties 

intrenchment   or   en- 

armies 

cavalry 

trenchment  (I) 

armistice 

chaplain 

irresistible 

armory 

civilian 

lieutenant 

arrest 

colonel 

major 

arsenal 

column 

manual 

artillery 

combatants 

marshal 

assault 

commandant 

martial 

attache 

commissary 

military 

attack 

companies 

militia 

attacked 

competitive 

morale 

auxiliary 

contour 

non-commissioned 

barracks 

corporal 

officer 

battalion 

corps 

official 

batteries 

counter-attack 

ordnance 

bayonet 

courts-martial 

outguards 

belligerents 

deployment 

outposts 

besiege 

deploys 

parallel 

LEARN    TO    SPELL 


101 


MILITARY  TACTICS  — Continued 


parole 

patrol 

personnel 

platoons 

provost-marshal 

reconnaissance 

recoil 

reconnoiter  or  re- 
connoitre (I) 

reinforcement  or  re- 
enforcement  (I) 

reenlistment 


rendezvous 

respectfully 

reveille 

ricochet 

routine 

sanitary  or  sanitory 

(i) 

sanitation 

sentinel 

sergeant 

shrapnel 

siege 


simulate 

skirmishers 

strategy 

subsistence 

surrender 

tattoo 

uniform 

vanguard 

visor 

volleys 

wigwagging 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


102 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


MYTHOLOGY 


Achilles  (d  kil'ez) 
Actaeon  (ak  te'on) 
Amphitrite  (am'fi  tri'te) 
Aphrodite  (af'r6  dr'te) 
Apollo  (d  pol'o) 
Arion  (cf.  Orion)  (d  rl'on) 
Atalanta  (at'd  lan'td) 


Cronus  or  Kronos  (kro'nws  or 

kron'fts) 
Demeter  (de  me'ter) 
Deucalion  (du  ka/li  on) 
Diana  (di  an'd) 
Dionysus  (di'6  ni'sws) 
Elysium  (e  lizh'i  wm) 


Athena  or  Athene  (dthe'nd),(-ne)Endymion  (en  dim'i  on) 
Bacchanalian  (bak'd  na'li  an)       Erebus  (er'e  bits) 
Bacchus  (bak'ws) 


Bellerophon  (be  ler'6  f6n) 
Calliope  (kd  ll'6  pe) 
Cassiopeia  (kas'i  6  pe'yd) 
Centaurs  (sen'tdrz) 
Cerberus  (sur'ber  its) 
Ceres  (se'rez) 
Charon  (ka'r$n) 
Charybdis  (kd  rib'dis) 
Cimmerian  (si  me'ri  dn) 
Circe  (sur'se) 


Euphrosyne  (u  fros'i  ne) 
Eurydice  (u  rfd'i  se) 
Euterpe  (u  tur'pe) 
Ganymede  (gan'i  med) 
goddess  (god'es) 
Hector  (hek'ter) 
Hephaestus  (he  feVtws) 
Hyacinthus  (hi'd  sin'tMs) 
Hymen  (hi'men) 
Iliad  (iYi  fid) 
Ilium  (il'i  wm) 


1  The  diacritical  markings  in  this  book  agree  with  the  latest  edition  of  Webster's  New 
International  Dictionary. 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


103 


MYTHOLOGY— Continued 


Ithaca  (ith'd  kd) 
Ixion  (ik  si'on) 
Jupiter  (joo'pi  ter) 
labyrinth  (lab'i  rinth) 
Laocoon  (la  6k'6  on) 
Medea  (me  de'd) 
Mnemosyne  (ne  mos'i  ne) 
Myrrha  (mir'd) 
Naiads  (na/yadz) 
Odyssey  (od'i  si) 
Oenone  (e  no'n§) 
Orion  (6  rl'an) 
Orpheus  (6r;fus) 
Ossa  (os'd) 

Palladium  (pa  la/di  urn) 
Pallas  (pal'ds) 


Parnassus  (par  nas'ws) 
Pegasus  (peg' a  sws) 
Poseidon  (p6  si'dan) 
Psyche  (si'k£) 
Pygmalion  (pig  ma'li  on) 
Pyrrha  (pir'd) 
satyr  (sat'er) 
Scylla  (sil'd) 
Sicily  (s&l  li) 
Sisyphus  (sis'i  fus) 
Stygian  (stij'i  an) 
Tantalus  (tan'td  lus) 
Terpsichore  (ttirp  sik'6  re) 
Zephyrus  (zef '1  rus) 
Zeus  (zus) 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


104  LEARN     TO    SPELL 

SPECIAL  LISTS  FOR  OTHER  SUBJECTS 
(To   be   dictated   by   the   teacher) 


PART   THREE 

A  GENERAL  LIST  OF  WORDS  OFTEN 
MISSPELLED 

This  list  is  intended  for  reference  and  practise.  Regular  lesson 
assignments  of  from  one  to  two  pages  may  be  made  by  the  teacher, 
but  in  giving  out  the  words  for  either  written  or  oral  tests  the 
teacher  should  avoid  the  strict  alphabetic  order.  Particularly 
in  cases  where  several  words  on  a  single  stem  are  given,  one  or 
perhaps  two  words  from  the  sequence  should  be  selected,  inas- 
much as  the  correct  spelling  of  one  of  the  words  will  suggest  the 
spelling  of  other  words  in  the  series.  After  each  oral  lesson  or 
written  exercise  the  student  should  be  required  to  underscore  or 
check  in  the  list  the  words  he  has  misspelled.  The  blank  spaces 
at  the  bottom  of  the  pages  are  for  any  additional  words  the 
student  finds  misspelled  in  his  compositions,  written  exercises,  and 
notebooks.  The  correct  forms  of  these  words  should  be  recorded 
in  alphabetic  order.  Some  teachers  may  prefer  to  have  students 
write  correctly  in  the  blank  spaces  the  words  misspelled  in  the 
regular  lessons,  the  purpose  being  to  impress  immediately  the 
correct  forms  upon  the  memories  of  the  students.  In  any  case, 
frequent  reviews  of  the  checked  or  underscored  words,  and  of 
any  additional  words  recorded,  should  be  required,  and  severer 
penalties  imposed  for  the  second  misspelling  of  a  word. 

The  vocabulary  has  been  carefully  selected  from  words  actually 
misspelled  in  ordinary  usage,  hence  the  material  should  prove 
of  practical  value  not  only  to  high-school  students,  but  to  more 
advanced  students  and  to  clerks,  stenographers,  bookkeepers,  and 
all  those  whose  business  requires  records  and  correspondence. 
The  words  in  the  list  will  also  be  found  to  afford  excellent  material 
for  school  and  community  spelling  matches. 

The  Roman  numerals  in  parentheses  refer  to  the  rules  given 
on  p.  7.  Where  two  forms  of  a  word  are  given,  the  first  form 
is  to  be  preferred. 

105 


106 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


A   GENERAL   LIST   OF  WORDS   OFTEN 
MISSPELLED 


abbeys  (IV) 
abbreviate  (VII) 

abbreviation 
aberration 

abetter  or  abettor  (I) 
abeyance 
abhorred  (II) 

abhorrence 

abhorrent 

abhorrer 

abhorring 
ability 
ablative 
abolish 
abreast 
abrogate 
abscess 
absence 
absorbent 

absorption 
abstainer 
abundance 

abundant 
abusing  (III) 


abut 

abutment 
abutting  (II) 

abyss 
abysmal 

accede  (VI) 

accelerate 
acceleration 
accelerator 

accept  (cf.  except) 
acceptable 
acceptance 

access  (cf.  excess) 
accessible 
accessibility 

accessory  or  acces- 
sary (I) 

accidentally 

acclamation  (cf. 
acclaim) 

accli'mated 

accommodate 
accommodating 
accommodation 


accompany 

accompanies  (IV) 

accompaniment 
accordance 
account 

accountable 

accountant 
accumulate 
accurate 

accuracy 
accusative 
accustomed 
ache 

aching  (III) 
achieve 

achievement 
acknowledge 

acknowledgment  or 

acknowledgement 
acoustics 
acquaintance 
acquiesce 

acquiescence 

acquiescing  (III) 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


LEARN    TO    SPELL 


107 


acquittal  (II) 

acquitted 

acquitting 
acreage 
across 
actually 

addition  (cf.  edition) 
address 
adducible 
adhere 

adherence 

adherent 
adjacent 
adjoining 
adjustable 
admissible 
admitted  (II) 

admittance 

admitting 
adolescence 

adolescent 
adopt  (cf.  adapt) 
advantageous  (III) 
adventurer 
advertisement 
advice 

adviser  or  advisor  (I) 
advising  (III) 


Aegean 

Aeneid 

aeronaut  (four  syl- 
lables) 

aeroplane  (four  syl- 
lables) 

affability 

affect  (cf.  effect) 

affidavit 

affiliate 
affiliation 

against 

aggravate 
aggravating 

aggressor 

aggrieve 

aging  (III) 

agitate 
agitator 

agreeable 

agricultural 

aide-de-camp  or  aid- 
de-camp  (I) 

aisle  (cf .  isle) 

alacrity 

Aladdin 

alcohol 

alibi 


alinement  or 
alignment  (I) 

Allan  (in  Edgar  Allan 
Poe) 

Allegany  County 
(MdandN.Y.) 

alleged 

Alleghany  Mountains 

Allegheny  City  (Pa.) 

allegiance 

allegory 

allegorically 
allegories  (IV) 

alley  (cf.  ally) 
alleys  (IV) 

alliance 

alligator 

alliteration 

allowance 

all  right  (two  words) 

allusion  (cf.  illusion) 

ally'  (n.  and  v.) 
allies  (IV) 

almanac 

almond 

almost  (do  not  con- 
tract to  'most) 

alpaca 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


108 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


already 
altar  (cf.  alter) 
altogether 

aluminum  or  alumin- 
ium 
alumna 

alumnae  (pi.)  (fern.) 
alumnus 

alumni  (pi.)  (masc.) 
amateur 
ambassador 
ambiguity 

ambiguous 
ambitious 
ammonia 
ammunition 
among 
amount 
anachronism 
anaesthetic  or 

anesthetic  (I) 
analogy 

analogies  (IV) 
analyze 

analysis 

analytical 
anapaestic  or 

anapestic  (I) 


ancestor 

ancestry 
anchor 
anecdote 
angle  (cf.  angel) 
Anglo-Saxon 
animal 
animation 
animosity 
ankles  or  ancles  (I) 
annexation 
annihilate 

annihilation 
anniversary 
announce 

announcement 
annual 

annually 
annunciate  or 

annuntiate 

annunciation  (cf. 

enunciation) 
anonymous 
answer 
antecedent 
antediluvian 
anticipate 

anticipation 


anticlimax 

antidote 

antiquated 

antiseptic 

antithesis 

anxiety 

anxious 

Apennines 

aperture 

Apocrypha 

Apollo 

apology 

apologies  (IV) 

apologize 
appal  or  appall  (I) 

appalled  (II) 
Appalachian 
apparatus 
apparel 

appareled  or 

apparelled  (I) 
apparent 
apparition 
appearance 
appendicitis 
appendix 

appendixes  or 

appendices 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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109 


appetite 

applause 

appoint 

apposition 

appositive 

appreciate 

appreciation 
approximate  (cf. 

proximity) 
apropos 
arc  (cf .  ark) 
archangel 
archipelago- 
architecture 
arctic 
are  n't 
argue 

arguer     ; 

arguing  (III) 

argumentative 
arising  (III) 
arithmetic 
armadillos 
armament 
armies  (IV) 
arrange  (cf.  arraign) 

arrangement 

arranging 


arrester  or  arrest  or  (I) 
arrive 

arrival 

arriving  (III) 
arrogance 

arrogant 
artery 

arterial 

arteries  (IV) 
artificial 

artificiality 
artillery 
artistically 
asafetida  or  as  a- 

foetida  (I) 
asbestos 
ascendency 

ascendent  or 

ascendant  (I) 
ascent  (cf.  assent) 
assassin 

assassinate 

assassination 
assessor 
assets 
assiduous 
assimilate 

assimilation 


assistance 

assistant 
association 
assurance 

assuring  (III) 
asylum 
athlete 

athletics 
atlases 
attach 
attack 

attacked 
attendance 

attendant 
attention 
Attila 
attorney 
attract 

attractive 
audible 

audibly 
audience 
auditor 

auger  (cf .  augur) 
aught  (cf .  ought  and 

naught) 
Austen,  Jane 
author 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


110 


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authority 

baptize 

benefactor 

authoritative 

Barabas  (in  Jew  of 

beneficence 

automatically 

Malta) 

beneficent 

automobile 

Barabbas  (in  the 

benefit 

autumn 

Bible) 

benefited  (II) 

auxiliary 

barbarous 

benefiting  (II) 

avenue 

barbecue  or  barbacue  berth  (cf .  birth) 

aviator 

bare  (cf .  bear) 

besiege  (V) 

avoirdupois 

bargain 

besieger 

awful 

baritone  or  barytone 

besieging  (III) 

awkward 

(i) 

beverage 

axillary 

barrack 

bibliography 

azalea 

barricade 

bicycle  (cf.  cycle) 

bas-relief 

bilious  (cf.  bile) 

baccalaureate 

bass  violin 

billiards 

bacchanalian 

battalion  (cf.  battle) 

biscuit 

Bacchus 

bazaar 

bisector 

bachelor 

beauteous 

Bismarck 

bacillus 

beautiful 

bivouac 

bacilli  (pi.) 

beefsteak 

bivouacked 

baggage 

beggar 

bizarre 

balance 

beginner  (II) 

blasphemy 

ballads 

beginning  (II) 

blasphemer 

ballast 

belief  (V) 

blasphemous 

balloon 

believe 

blizzard 

ballot 

believing  (III) 

bluing 

banana 

belligerent 

boarder  (cf.  border) 

Baptist 

benediction 

Boccaccio 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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111 


bois-d'arc 

brilliant 

busy 

boisterous 

Britain 

business  (IV) 

boll  (cf.  bole  and 

British 

busying 

bowl) 

Britannia 

buying 

boll-weevil 

Britannica 

bologna  sausage 

Buddha 

cabbage 

Bonaparte  or  Buona- 

Buddhism 

cache 

parte  (I) 

buffaloes  or  buffalos 

Caesar 

bookkeeping 

(I) 

•  caffein  or  caffeine  (I) 

boring  (III) 

build 

caisson 

born  (never  add  d 

building 

calamity 

or  ed) 

built 

calcimine 

borne 

bulletin 

calendar 

bouillon  (Fr.) 

bullion 

calibration 

boundaries 

buoyant 

calicoes 

bouquet 

buoyancy 

calipers  or  callipers 

boutonnaire  (Fr.) 

bureau 

(i) 

boycott 

bureaucracy 

calisthenics  or  callis- 

braggadocio 

burglar 

thenics  (I) 

braggart  (II) 

burglary 

calla-lily 

bragged 

burial  (IV) 

Calvary  (cf .  cavalry) 

bragging 

Bums's  or  Burns' 

Calvinism 

brand-new 

burst  (never  add  ed; 

calyx 

break  (cf.  brake) 

"bust"  is  a  vul- 

calyxes or  calyces 

breakfast 

garism) 

cancelation  or  cancel- 

breath 

bury  (cf.  berry) 

lation  (I) 

breathe 

buried  (IV) 

canceled  or  cancelled 

brief 

burying 

(i) 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

112 


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cancer 

carol 

cavalier 

cancerous 

caroling  or  carol- 

cavalry  (cf.  Calvary) 

candidate 

ling  (I) 

cavities 

candidacy 

carriage 

Cayenne  pepper 

cane  (cf.  Cain) 

carrot 

cease 

cannibal 

carry 

ceasing  (III) 

cannon  (cf.  canon) 

carries 

cedar 

cannonade 

carrying 

ceiling  (cf.  sealing) 

canoeing 

cartilage 

celebrate 

canon  or  canyon 

cartilaginous 

celebrating  (III) 

Canterbury 

cashmere  (a  woolen 

celebrity 

cantos 

dress  fabric) 

celery 

canvas   (a  coarse 

cassimere  (a  woolen 

celibacy 

cloth) 

cloth  for  men's 

cellar  (cf.  seller) 

canvass  (to  solicit, 

clpthes) 

cellular  (cf.  cell) 

count,  etc.) 

casually 

celluloid 

capable 

casualty 

cement 

capability 

cataclysm 

cemetery 

capacity 

catalog  or  catalogue 

censer  (a  vessel  for 

capillary 

(i) 

incense;  cf.  censor) 

capital  (cf.  capitol) 

catarrh 

censor  (a  critic) 

capitalist 

catastrophe 

censure 

captain 

catechism 

census 

carburetor 

category 

centennial 

Caribbean 

caterpillar 

century 

caricature 

Catholicism  (cf. 

centuries  (IV) 

Carlyle,  Thomas  (cf. 

catholic) 

centurion 

John  G.  Carlisle) 

Catiline 

cereal  (cf.  serial) 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

. 

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113 


ceremony 
ceremonial 
ceremonies  (IV) 

certain 
certainly 
certainty 

cession  (cf.  session) 

cesura  or  caesura  (I) 

chagrin 

chagrined  (II) 

challenge 

chamois 

champagne  (a  wine) 

champaign  (an  open 
field) 

chancelor  or  chancel- 
lor (I) 

chandelier 

changeable 

changing  (III) 

channel 

chaparral 

chapel 

chaperon  or  chap- 
•  erone  (I) 

Charlemagne 

charlotte  russe 

chauffeur 


Chautauqua 

cheese 

Chesapeake 

chestnut 

cheviot 

chief 

chiefs 

chieftain 
chiffonier 
Chile 

chilli  or  chile  (pepper) 
chimneys  (IV) 
chinkapin   or   chin- 
quapin (I) 
chisel 

chiseled  or  chis- 
elled (I) 
chivalrous 

chivalry 
chloroform 
choir  or  quire 
cholera 
choose 

chose  {past) 

chosen  {past  part.) 
choppy  (II) 
choral  (cf.  coral, 

corral) 


chord 
Christian 

Christianity 
Christmas  {Xmas  is 

not  in  good  taste) 
chronological 

chronology 
cigaret  or  cigarette  (I) 
cigars 
Cimmerian 
Cincinnati 
cinnamon 
circuit 

circuitous 
circumference 
cistern 
cite  (to  indicate;  cf. 

site,  sight) 
civil 

civilization  or 

civilisation  (I) 
classicism 
cleave 

cleavage 
clemency 

climactic  (cf.  climatic) 
climb  (cf.  clime) 
close   (never  "dost") 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


114 


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cloth 

college 

commit 

cloths 

collegiate 

committed  (II) 

clothe 

collision 

committee 

clothes 

colloquies 

committing 

coalesce 

colloquial 

commodore 

coalescing  (III) 

cologne 

commonplace 

coarse  (cf.  course) 

colon 

communication 

coco  or  cocoa 

(i) 

colonel 

community 

coconut  or  cocoa- 

colonnade 

comparative 

nut  (I) 

colony 

comparison 

cocoon 

colonial 

compass 

codicil 

colonies  (IV) 

compatible 

coefficient 

colossal 

compelled  (II) 

coerce 

column 

compelling 

coercion 

combated  (II) 

competence 

coherence 

combatant 

competent 

coherent 

combating 

competition 

coincide 

combustible 

competitive 

coincidence 

comedy 

complement 

Coleridge 

comedies  (IV) 

complementary 

Coliseum  or 

Colos- 

coming  (III) 

complete 

seum 

comma  (cf.  coma) 

completely 

collar 

commandant 

completion 

collateral 

commemorate 

compliment 

colleague 

commence 

complimentary 

collectible  or 

collect- 

commencement 

composition 

able 

commerce 

comprehensible 

collector 

commercial 

comprehensibly 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

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115 


comptroller  (pro- 

conqueror 

coquet  or  coquette  (I) 

nounced  and  pref- 

conscience 

coquettish  (II) 

erably  spelled 

conscientious 

coral  (cf.  corral, 

controller) 

consensus 

choral) 

concede  (VI) 

considerable 

cornice 

concession 

consistency 

corolla 

conceit 

consistent 

corollary 

conceive 

consomme 

coroner 

conceiving  (V) 

conspicuous 

corps  (a  body  of 

concurred  (II) 

conspiracy 

persons) 

concurrence 

consummate 

corpse  (a  dead  body) 

concurrent 

consumption 

corral 

concurring 

contagious 

corralled  (II) 

conductor 

contemptible 

correlation 

conferred  (II) 

contemptuous 

correlative 

conference 

continually 

correspondence 

conferring 

controlled  (II) 

correspondent 

confidant  (masc.) 

controller 

corridor 

confidante  (Jem.) 

controlling 

corroborate 

confidence 

convalescent 

corrugated 

confident  (adj.) 

convenience 

corruptible 

condenser 

convenient 

corruption 

conduit 

convertible 

cough 

conical 

cooperation 

could  have  (never 

connection  or  con- 

cooperative 

"could  of") 

nexion  (I) 

copy 

council  (cf .  counsel) 

connive 

copies  (IV) 

councilor  or  coun- 

connoisseur 

copying 

cillor  (I) 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

116 


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counselor  or  coun 

sellor  (I) 
countries  (IV) 
courageous  (III) 
course  (cf.  coarse) 
courteous 
courtesy  (cf .  the  leg 

term  curtesy) 

courtesies  (IV) 
Coverley,  Sir  Roger 
covetous 
coyote  or  cayote 
creator 

credible  (cf.  credit) 
creditor 
crescent 
cries 
crisis 

crises  {pi.) 
criticize  or  criticise 

(i) 

criticism 
crocodile 
crowd 
crucible 
crucifixion 
crucifying 

crucified  (IV) 


cruelly 

crystal 

crystallize  or  crys- 
tallise (I) 
crystallization  or 
crystallisation  (I) 
al       crystalline 

cultivator 

current  (cf .  currant) 
de  curriculum 

curvature 

curvilinear 

cylinder 

cynicism 

czar  or  tsar 

daddy 

daffodil 

daguerreotype 

dahlia 

dairy  (cf.  diary) 

dealt 

debonair 

debtor 

deceased 

deceive  (V) 

deceit 
decent  (cf .  descent) 


decide 

deciding 
decimal 
declarative 
decollete 
decorator 
defender 
deference  (II) 

deferred  (II) 

deferring 
deficit 

definite  (cf .  define) 
definition  (cf.  define) 
deity 
delegate 
deleterious  (cf. 

delete) 
delicacies 
delicious 
delirious 

delirium 
demeanor 
demesne  (pronounced 

"demean") 
demon 

demoni'acal 
demurrage 
demurrer 


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117 


denominator 
department  (do  not 

confuse  with  apart- 
ment) 
dependant  or  depend- 
ent (n.) 

dependent  (adj.) 

dependence 
De  Quincey 
derrick 
derringer 
descendant  or  de- 

scendent  (n.) 
descendent '  (adj.) 
descent  (cf.  dissent 

and  decent) 
describe 

description    . 
Desdemona 
desert 't  (a.)  (cf .  dessert) 
des'ert  (n.) 
desecrate 

desecration 
despair 
despicable 
despis'able 
destroy 

destroyed 


detached 
deterred  (II) 

deterrent 

deterring 
develop  or  develope 

(i) 

developer 

development 
device  («.) 
devise  (v.) 
diagramed  (II) 

diagraming 
diamond 
diaphragm 
diarrhea  or  diarrhoea 

(i) 

diary  (cf.  dairy) 
Dickens's  or  Dickens' 

(never  Dicken's) 
dictionary 
didactic 
differed  (II) 

difference 
difficult 

difficulties  (IV) 
digestible 
Egging  (II) 
dilapidated 


dilettante 

din 

dinning  (II) 

dined  (cf.  dinned) 
diner 

dining  (III) 
dining  room 
dinner 

diocese 

diphtheria  (pro- 
nounced dif-) 

diphthong  (pro- 
nounced dif-) 

diplomacy 

director 

disagreeable 

disappear 

disappearance 

disappoint 
disappointing 
disappointment 

disapprove 

disastrous 

disc  or  disk  (I) 

discernible 

disciples 

disciplinarian 
discipline 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


118 


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discomfited  (cf.  dis- 
comforted) 

discreet 

dishabille  or  desha- 
bille 

dispatch  or  despatch 

(i) 

disobey 

disobedience 

disobedient 
dispel 

dispelled  (II) 
dissatisfaction 

dissatisfied 
dissectible 

dissection 
dissension 

dissent 

dissenter 

dissentious 
dissertation 
dissimulation 
dissipate 

dissipation 
dissolute 

dissolution 
dissyllable 
distillation 


distillery 
divide 

dividing 

divisible 

divisor 
divine 
doctor 
does  n't 
doggerel 
don't 
dormitory 

dormitories  (IV) 
draft  or  draught  (I) 
dragged  ("drug"  is 

a  vulgarism) 

dragging  (II) 
drama 

dramatic 

dramatist 
dream 
dreamt 

dreariness  (IV) 
dropped  (II) 

dropping 
drought  or  drouth 
droughty  or  drouthy 
drowned  ( ' '  drownded1 

is  a  vulgarism) 


drugged  (II) 

druggist 
drunkenness 
duchess 
duel  (cf .  dual) 
duelist  or  duellist  (I) 
duly 

dumb-bell 
dying  (cf .  dyeing) 
dynamite 
dynamo 
dysentery 
dyspepsia 

earnest  (cf .  Ernest) 

easily 

ecclesiastic 
ecclesiasticism 

economically 

ecstasy 

ecstatically 

eczema 

edgewise 

edible 

Edinburgh  (pro- 
nounced boro) 

1  editor 

educator 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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119 


e'er  (contraction  of 

ever;  cf.  ere,  before) 
effect  (cf.  affect) 
effeminate  (cf. 

feminine) 
effervesce 

effervescence 
efficient 

efficiency 
eighty-eighth 
ejector 
elaborate 
elasticity 
eleemosynary 
elegies  (IV) 
elementary 
elevator 
elicit  (cf .  illicit) 
eligible 
eliminate 

elimination 
Eliot,  George 
elixir 

Elizabethan 
ellipse 
ellipsis 

elliptical 
elysian 


emaciated 
emanate 

emanating 
embarrass 

embarrassed 

embarrassment 
embassy 
embellish 
embossed 
embroidery 
embryology 
emigrant 
emigrate  (cf. 

immigrate) 
eminence 

eminent  (cf.  imminent) 
emissary 
emitting  (II) 
emperor 
emphatically 
employe  or  emplovee 

CD 

employs 

employment 
encouraging 

encouragement 
Encyclopaedia 

Britannica 


encyclopedia  or 
encyclopaedia  (I) 

endeavor 

enemies  (IV) 

enjoys 

enormous 

enrolment  or  enroll- 
ment (I) 

ensuing  (III) 

enthusiasm 

enthusiastically 

enticing 

entirely 
entirety 

enunciate  (cf. 
annunciate) 
enunciation 

eolian  or  aeolian  (I) 

epigrammatic 

episode 

epithet 

epochs 

equal 
equable 
equally 

equation 

equator 

equilateral 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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equilibrium 
equipment 

equipped 

equipping  (II) 
equivalent 
eradicate 
Ernest 
erratic 
erroneous 
erysipelas 
especially 
essence 
etc.    (abbreviation 

Latin  et  cetera) 
ethereal 

etiquet  or  etiquette 
euchre 
eulogies  (IV) 
European 
every 
everybody 
everyday  (adj.) 
exaggerate 

exaggeration 
exalted 

exaltation 
exceed  (VI) 

exceedingly 


excel 

excelled  (II) 

excelling 
excellence 

excellences  (pi.) 
excellency 

excellencies  (pi.) 
excellent  (II) 
except  (cf.  accept) 
exceptionable 
exceptional 
exclamatory 
of     exclamation 
excommunication 
exhaust 
(I)     exhaustible 

exhaustion 

exhaustive 
exhibit 

exhibition 


experiment 

explanation 

ex'quisite 

extendible 

extensible 

extension 

extinguisher 

extraordinary 

extravagance 

extravagant 
extreme 

extremely 


facade   (note  the 
cedilla) 

factor 

Faerie  Queene   (origi- 
nal) 

Faery    Queen     (mod- 
ernized) 


exhilarate  (cf.  hilarity)  fallacy 
exhilarating  fallacious 

exhilaration 

existence 
existent 

expect  (cf.  suspect) 

expedition 

experience 


fallible 
familiar 

familiarity 
families 

fanaticism  (cf .  fanatic) 
farcical  (cf .  farce) 


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121 


farthest 
fascinating 

fascination 
fatally 

father  (cf .  farther) 
fatigue 

fatiguing 
faulty 
feasible 
feather 
February 
feint  (cf .  faint) 
feminine 
festivities 
fetish  or  fetich  (I) 

fetishism  or  fetich- 
ism  (I) 
feudal 

feudalism 
fiance  (masc.) 
fiancee  (fern.) 
fictitious 
fiend 
fiery  (three  syllables ; 

cf .  fire) 
figurative 
filament 
finally 


firmament 

fissure 

fitting  (II) 

FitzGerald,  Edward 

flannel 

flexible 

flippant  (II) 

flippancy 
follies 
forbidden 
forceful 
forcible 

forciblv 


Francis  (masc.) 

frantically 

freight 

fricassee 

friend 

frivolous  (cf.  frivolity) 

frolicking 

fuchsia 

fugitive 

fulfil  or  fulfill  (I) 
fulfilled  (II) 

fulfilment  or  fulfill- 
ment (I) 


forecast  (pres. and  past)iu.migaXe 


foreign 

foreigner 
foresight 
forest 
forfeiture 
forgetting 

forgotten 
formally 
formerly 
forth  (cf.  fourth) 
forty-fourth 
forward 
fossil 
Frances  (Jem.) 


fundamental 
fungous  (adj.) 
fungus  (n.) 

fungi  (pi) 
furniture 
furthest 
fusible 
fusillade 

gage  or  gauge  (I) 
gallant 
gallery 

gambling  (cf.  gambol- 
ing) 


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gambol  (cf .  gamble)     glycerin  or  glycerine 
gardener    (cf.    proper     (I) 

name  Gardner)         goddess 
garrison  good-humored 

garrulous  good-natured 

gas  gorgeous 

gaseous  gossamer 

gases  gossiper 

gassy  government 

gasoline  or  gasolene  (I) governor 
gazetteer  grammar 

gelatin  or  gelatine  (I)     grammarian 
generally  grammatical 

generator  grandeur 

genie,  correct  forms     granit  or  granite  (I) 


jtnnt,  pnnee 
genitive 
genius 


grateful 
gravitation 
gravity 


geniuses  (pi.),  men  Gray,  Thomas 
of  genius  grease  (n.  and  v.) 


genii  (pi.),  spirits 
genuine 
gesture 
geyser 
Gibraltar 
gingham 
gladiator 
gladiolus 


greasy 

Great  Britain 
Greece 

Grecian 
grievous 
grinned  (II) 

grinning 
gritty 


guarantee 

guardian 

guillotine 

guilt  (cf.  gilt) 

guinea 

gullible 

guttural 

gymnasium 

gymnastics 

gypsies  or  gipsies  (I) 

habeas  corpus 

habiliments 

hail-storm 

hair-splitting 

halcyon 

hallo  or  halloo   (I) 

hallowed 

hallucination 

hammock 

handkerchiefs 

handwriting 

Hannibal 

happy 

happiness 
harangue 
har'ass 

harassing 


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123 


harelip  or  hairlip 
have  n't 
having 
Hawthorne 
heard  (cf.  herd) 
heathen 

heathenish 
heaviness 
hegira  or  hejira 
height  or  hight  (I) 
heinous 
Hellenic 

Hellenism 
hemorrhage 
Henry 

here  (cf .  hear) 
heredity 

hereditary 
heroes 

heterogeneous 
hiccup  or  hiccough 
hickory 
hideous 
hieroglyphics 
hilarious 

hilarity 
Himalaya 
hindrance 


hippopotamus 

hoeing 

holiday 

hollow 

holy  (cf.  wholly) 

holiness  (IV) 
homogeneous 
hoping  (III) 
hopping 

horde  (cf .  hoard) 
horror 

horrible 

horrid 
Huguenots 
humbugged 
hummed  (II) 

hummer 

humming 
humor  or  humour  (I) 

humorous  (cf. 
(I)      humerus,  a  bone) 
hungrily 
hurricane 
hurried 

hurriedly 
hyacinth 
hygiene 
hypocrisy 


hypocrit  or  hypo- 
crite (I) 

hypocritically 
hypotenuse  or  hy- 

pothenuse  (I) 
hypothesis 

hypotheses  (pi.) 

hypothetically 
hysterics 

hysterical 

Ichabod 

icicle 

ideally 

identically 

idol  (cf.  idle,  idyll) 

idolater 

idolatrous 

idolize 
idyl  or  idyll  (I) 

idyllic 
igneous 
Iliad 

illegitimate 
illicit  (cf.  elicit) 
illusion  (cf.  allusion) 
image 

imagery 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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imagine 

imagining 

imaginary 

imagination 
imitation 

imitative 

imitator 
immediately 
immense 

immensity 
immerse 

immersion 
immigrate  (cf. 

emigrate) 

immigration 
imminent  (impend- 
ing;   cf.    eminent, 

great) 
impel 

impelled   (II) 

impelling  (II) 
imperative 
imperceptible 
imperialism 
imperil 

imperiled  or  im- 
perilled (I) 
impertinence 


impetus 

implement 

importance 

impossible 

impostor 

impressible 

imprison 

imprisoned 
inaccessible 
inaccuracies  (IV) 
inanimate 
inasmuch  (not  three 

words) 
incarcerate 
incendiary 
in'cense  (n.) 
incensed'   (v.) 
incest 

incestuous 
incident 

incidentally 
incite  (to  stir  up ;  cf . 

insight) 
inclement 

inclose  or  enclose  (I) 
incoherence 

incoherent 
incompatible 


incomprehensible 
incongruous  (cf. 

incongruity) 
incorrigible  (cf. 

correct) 
incorruptible 
incredible  (cf.  credit) 
incurred  (II) 

incurring 
indefinite  (cf.  define) 
indelible 
independence 

independent 
indescribable 
Indian 
Indiana 
Indianapolis 
indict  (cf .  indite) 

indictment 
indifference 

indifferent 
indigestible 
indispensable 
indivisible 
indorse   or   endorse 

(first  preferred  in 

business,    second 

in  literary  usage) 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


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125 


indorsement  or  en- 
dorsement (I) 

indorser  or  indor- 
sor  (I) 
inductance 
indulgence 
ineffable 
ineligible 
inexhaustible 
inexpressible 
infallible 
inference 
inferred  (II) 

inferring 
infinite  (cf.  finite) 

infinitive 
inflammable 
inflammation  (note 

exception  to  II) 
inflexible 
ingenious 
ingenuous 
ingredients 
inheritance 
initials 
initiate 

initiation 

initiative 


innate 
innocence 

innocent 
innocuous 
inoculate 

inoculation 
inopportune 
inquisitive 
insensible 
inseparable  (cf. 

separate) 
insidious 

insight  (cf.  incite) 
insinuation 
insist 

insistence 

insistent 
instance 

instances  (pi.) 
instant 

instants  {pi.) 
instead 
instructor 
insurrection 
intangible 
integer 
intellect 

intellectually 


intelligence 

intelligent 
intelligible 
intercede  (VI) 
intercession 
interest. 

interesting 
interfere 

interfered 

interference 

interfering  (III) 
intermitted 

intermittent 

intermitting 
interpreter 
interred  (cf .  entered) 
interrogation  (VII) 

interrogative 
interrupt  (VII) 

interruption 
interstitial 
interurban 
intolerable 
intransitive 
intrigue 

intriguing  (III) 
inveighing 
inveigle 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


126 


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mventer  or  inventor 

(i) 

investor 

invincible 

irascible 

irrelevant 

irrepressible 

irresistible 

irresponsible 

irreverence 

irreverent 
irrigate 

irrigable 

irrigating  (III) 

irrigation 
irritate 

irritable 

irritating  (III) 

irritation 
island 

isle  (cf .  aisle) 
isosceles 
issue 

issuing  (III) 
isthmus 
Italian 
italic 

italicize 


Italy  judgment    or    judge- 

Ithaca  ment  (I) 

its  (pron. ;  cf .  it rs,  it  is)  jugular 
itself  (never  written    juice 

as  two  words)  juicy  (III) 

juiciness  (IV) 
jardiniere  justice 

jasmine  or  jessamine 
javelina  (the  peccary;  Kafir  or  Kaffir  (I) 

;  pronounced  as  h)  kaiser 
jealous  kerosene 

jealousy  kidnaped     or    kid- 

jeopardize  napped  (I) 

Jerusalem  kidnaper  or  kid- 

jeweler  or  jeweller  (I)     napper  (I) 
jewelry  or  jewellery  (I) kiln 
jinni  or  jinnee  (cf.       Knights  Templar 


genius) 

jobbed  (II) 
jobber 
jobbing 

jocular 

jocund 

John 


knapsack 
knew  (cf.  new) 
knight  (cf.  night) 
knot  (cf.  not) 

knotted  (II) 

knotty 
know  (cf.  no) 


Johnny  or  Johnnie  knowledge 
(II)  knuckle 

Johnson,  Samuel  kodak 

Jonson,  Ben  kodaking 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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127 


Kohinoor  or  Kohinur  legally 

linen 

(I)                              legend 

liniment 

Korean  or  Corean  (I)      legendary 

linoleum 

legible 

linotype 

laboratory  (cf.  labor)  legislator 

liquefy 

laboratories              legitimate 

liquor 

labyrinth                      leisure 

literary 

lack  (cf.  like)                leopard 

loath  {adj.) 

laid  (never  layed)         lesson 

loathe  (v.) 

larva  (cf.  lava)              lettuce 

loneliness 

larynx                            liar  (cf.  lyre) 

loose 

lascivious                      libelous 

loosing  (III) 

Latin                             library 

lose  (cf.  loose) 

latter  (cf .  later)            license  or  licence  (the 

j       losing  (III) 

lattice                                first  is  used  in 

Louisiana 

laudanum                         America,the  second  lovable 

lavaliere  or  lavalliere      in  England) 

lovely 

(I)                             licentious 

loyalty 

laxative                        lichen 

lubricator 

lay  (past  of  lie,  to     licorice  or  liquorice  (I)  ludicrous 

recline;    tie,    lay,     lieutenant 

lullaby 

lain)                          lightning  (cf.  lighten- 

-      lullabies  (pi.)  (Ill) 

lay   (to  place;  lay,        ing,  from  lighten,  to  luscious 

laid,  laid)                     make  light) 

lying    (from    lie;    cf. 

led  (past  of  lead;  not  Lilliputian 

laying,  from  lay) 

to  be  confused          lily 

lyre 

with  the  metal  lead)     lilies  (III) 

lyric 

ledger                           lineament 

lyrist 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

128 


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macadamize 

macaroni 

Macaulay 

Macbeth 

machinery 

mackerel 

mackintosh 

Madonna 

magnanimous 

magnificent 

maintain 
maintenance 

major 

male  (cf.  mail) 

malice 
malicious 

mammoth 

manage 

manageable 

mane  (cf.  main) 

maneuver  or  man- 
oeuvre (I) 

manicure 

manifest 

manikin 

Manila 

mantel  (shelf  above 
a  fireplace) 


mantilla 

mantle  (a  cloak) 

manual 

manufacture 

mariner  (cf.  marine) 

maritime  (cf .  mariner) 

marry 

marriage  (III) 

marriageable 

married 
marshal  (an  officer) 
martial  (warlike) 
martyr 

martyrdom 
marvelous  or  marvel- 
lous (I) 
Massachusetts 
massacre 

massacred 
masterpiece 
matador 
mathematics 
matrix 

matrices  {pi.) 
Matthew 
mattress 
mausoleum 
mavonnaise 


measles 

medal  (cf.  meddle) 

medallion 

medieval  or  mediaeval 

(i) 

Mediterranean 

meerschaum 

melon 

memoir 

memorandum 

memorandums    or 

memoranda  {pi.) 
meningitis 
mercerized 
merchantable 
merely 
mesquite 
metallic  (II) 
metallurgy 
metaphor 

metaphorically 
Methodist 

milage  or  mileage  (I) 
millennium 
milliner 

millinery 
millionaire  or  million- 

naire  (I) 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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129 


mimicking 

miniature 

minimize 

minnow 

minor  (cf.  miner) 

minute'  (adj.) 

min'ute  (n.) 

miracle 

mirage 

mirror 

miscellaneous 

mischief 

mischievous 
misled  (past  tense 

of  mislead) 
missal  (a  mass-book) 
missile    (something 

thrown) 
missionary 
Mississippi 
missive 
Missouri 
misspell 
misstep 
misunderstand 
misuse 
moccasin 
Mohammedanism 


molasses  (not  to  be 

used  as  a  plural) 
moneys    or   monies 

(both  plurals  are 

in  use) 
monitor 
monosyllable 
monstrous 
Montesquieu 
moping  (III) 
morocco 
mortally 
mortgage 
mosquitoes  or  mus- 

quitoes  (I) 
motor 

motorboat 

motorist 

motorman 
mountain 

mountainous 
movable 
moving  (III) 
mucilage 
mucous  (adj.) 
mucus  (n.) 
municipal 
murmur 


muscle  (fibrous  tissue 
of  the  body) 

mussel  (a  shell  fish) 

mustache     or    mous- 
tache (I) 

mystery 

mysteries  (IV) 
mysterious 

mystify 
mysticism 

mythical 

mythology 

myths 

naphtha 

narcissus 

narrate 

narration 

narrative 
nasturtiums 
naturally 
naught  or  nought 
navigate 

navigation 

navigator 
necessary 

necessaries  (IV) 

necessarily 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


130 


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necessity 

necessities  (IV) 
need  (cf.  knead) 
negligee 
negligible 
negroes 
neighborly 
nervous 
neuralgia 
neuter 
Niagara 
Nibelungenlied 
niche 
nickel 
niece 

nightingale 
ninety-ninth 
Nineveh 
nonpareil 
nonsense 

nonsensical 
notice 

noticeable 

noticing 
novel 
nuisance 
nullify 

nullification 


numerator 
nutritious 
nymphs 

obedience 
obeisance 
oblige 

obliged 

obliging 
obloquy 
obstacle 
obstinacy 
occasion 

occasionally 
occurred  (II) 

occurrence 

occurring 
o'clock 
octopus 
oculist 
odious 
odor  or  odour  (I) 

odorous 
Odyssey 
off  (cf.  of) 
offal  (cf.  awful) 
offered  (II) 

offering 


officer 

official 
often     (pronounced 

off-en) 
oleomargarin  or 

oleomargarine  (I) 
omitted  (II) 

omissible 

omission 

omitting 
omnibus 

omnibuses  (pi.) 
onerous 
oneself  or  one's  self 

(i) 

operator 

opinion 

opossum  (often  abbre- 
viated to  possum) 

opponent 

opportunity 

opposite 
opposition 

optimism 
optimist 

orator 

ordinance 

ordnance 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


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131 


organizer 

paraffin  or  paraffine 

pastoral 

orifice 

(i) 

peace  (cf.  piece) 

origin 

parallel 

peaceable 

original 

paralleled  (II) 

peal  (cf.  peel) 

originality 

paralleling 

peccadillos  or  pecca- 

originate (cf. 

parallelogram 

dilloes  (I) 

origin) 

paralysis 

pedal  (cf.  peddle) 

originator 

paralyze 

peddler 

oscillate 

paralyzing 

pellagra 

oscillation 

paraphernalia 

Peloponnesian 

oscillator 

parasite 

pencil 

osnaburg 

parasitic 

penciling  or  pen- 

ostensible 

parenthesis 

cilling  (I) 

ostracize 

parentheses   {pi.) 

peninsula  (n.) 

ours  (cf.  hours) 

parliament 

peninsular  {adj.) 

outdoor 

parliamentary 

penitentiary 

out-of-door  {adj.) 

paroxysm 

pennants  (cf .  penance) 

outrageous 

parsimony 

pennon  (cf .  pinion) 

oxygen 

parsimonious 

peppermint 

oyster 

partial 

perceive  (V) 

participate 

perceptible 

pageant 

participation 

percolator 

paid 

participle 

peremptory 

palliate 

participial 

peremptorily 

pane  (cf.  pain) 

partition  (cf .  petition 

0  perennial 

panegyric 

passed  or  past  (I) 

perform 

paneling  or  panelling  passenger 

performance 

(i) 

pastime 

performer 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

132 


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per 'fume  (n.) 

physician 

plane  (cf.  plain) 

permanence 

physiology 

planed 

permanent 

picaninny  or  picca- 

planing (III) 

permitted  (II) 

ninny  (I) 

plane  geometry 

permission 

picayune 

planned  (II) 

permissible 

picayunish 

planning 

permitting 

Pickwickian 

Plato  (cf.  Pluto) 

persistence 

picnic 

plausible 

persistent 

picnickers 

pleurisy 

personally 

picnicking 

pneumatic 

personnel 

piece  (cf.  peace) 

pneumonia 

perspire . 

piercing 

poison 

perspiration 

pigeon 

poisonous 

persuaded 

pilgrim 

politician 

pertaining 

pilgrimage 

poll  (cf .  pole) 

pessimism 

pillar  (cf.  pillow) 

polysyllable 

pessimist 

pinnacle 

pomace  (cf.  pumice) 

Petrarch 

pistil 

pomegranate 

phase  (cf.  phrase) 

pistol 

ponderous 

phenomenon 

piteous 

poppy 

phenomena  (pi.) 

pity 

poppies  (III) 

Philip  . 

pitiable 

porcelain 

Philippic 

pitiful 

porous 

Philippi 

pittance 

portable  (cf.  potable) 

Philippines  (cf. 

plagiarism 

portentous 

Filipino) 

plagiarist 

portiere 

phosphorus 

plains 

Portuguese 

phosphoric 

plait 

positive 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

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133 


possess 

possesses 

possession 
possible 

possibly 
potatoes 

potion  (cf.  portion) 
practise  or  practice 
prairie 

prairies  (pi.) 
precede  (VI) 

preceding 
precedent  (n.) 
precedent  (adj.) 
precipitate 

precipitation 
preferred  (II) 

preference 

preferring 
prejudice 

prejudiced 

prejudicial 

prejudicing 
preliminary 
preparation  (cf. 

prepare) 
Presbyterian 

Presbyterianism 


presence 
preserve 
pretentious 
prevalent 
preventive 
previously 
prey  (cf.  pray) 
(I)  primitive 
principal  (adj.) 
principle  (n.) 
privilege 
probable 

probably 
proceed  (VI) 

procedure 

proceeding 
proctor 
profess 

profession 

professor 
proffered  (II) 

proffering 
profit  (cf.  prophet) 

profited  (II) 

profiting 
prominence 

prominent 
promiscuous 


propagate 

propagation 
propelled  (II) 

propeller 

propelling 
propellant  (n.) 
propellent  (adj.) 
prophecy  or  prophesy 

(n.) 

prophesy  (v.) 
prophesied 
prophesying 

propitious 

proportion 

propose  (cf.  purpose) 

proposition 

protein    (three   syl- 
lables) 

Protestantism 

prove 

proximity 

prudential 

ptomain  or  ptomaine 
(three  syllables) 

pumice  (cf .  pomace) 

punctilious 

punctuate 
punctuation 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


134 


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pursue 

rabbit  (cf.  rabbet) 

recruit 

pursuing  (III) 

radical  (n.  and  adj.) 

recurred  (II) 

pursuit 

radicle  (n.) 

recurrence 

pusillanimous 

radish  (cf.  reddish) 

recurrent 

pyre 

radius 

redressible 

Pyrenees 

ragamuffin 

referable 

raillery 

referred  (II) 

quadrilateral 

raisins 

reference 

qualitative 

rapturous 

refer'rible 

quality 

rarefy 

refitted  (II) 

quantitative 

raspberry 

refitting 

quantity 

realization 

reflector 

quarreling 

really 

refrigerator 

quarries  (III) 

rebellion 

region 

querulous 

rebellious 

registration   (cf. 

query 

rebut 

register) 

queries  (III) 

rebuttal  (II) 

regretted  (II) 

questionary 

recede  (VI) 

regrettable 

questionnaire  (Fr.) 

receding 

regretting 

quibbling 

receive  (V) 

regulator 

quiet 

receipt 

reign  (cf.  rain) 

quite 

receptacle 

reins  (cf.  rains) 

quitting  (II) 

recollect 

rejoicing 

quiz 

recommend 

relief  (V) 

quizmaster 

recommendation 

relieve 

quizzes  (II) 

reconnaissance 

religious 

quizzical 

reconnoiter  or  recon- 

■ remedies  (IV) 

quizzing 

noitre  (I) 

remembrance 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

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135 


reminiscence 
remitted  (II) 

remittance 

remitting 
Renaissance 
renascence 
rendezvous 
repelled  (II) 

repellent 

repelling 
repetition  (cf .  peti- 
tion) 
reporter 
representative 
residence 

resident 
resistance 

resistant 
resistible 
respectably 
respectively 
responsibly 
restaurant 
resume 
resurrect 
resuscitate 
Reuben 
reversible 


revertible 

rhapsody 

rheumatism 

rhinoceros 

rhythm 

rhythmically 
riddance  (II) 
ridding  (II) 
ridiculous  (cf. 

ridicule) 
riding  (III) 
rigor  or  rigour  (I) 

rigorous 
rime  or  rhyme  (I) 
rinse 
riotous 
road  (cf .  rode) 
robbery 
robin 

role  (cf.  roll) 
roll-call 
romanticism    (cf. 

romantic) 
Rossetti 
Rousseau 
route  (cf .  root) 
ruffian 
ruinous 


saccharin  or 

saccharine  (I) 
sacrament 
sacrifice 

sacrificing 
sacrilege 

sacrilegious 
safety 

sailer  (a  sailing  vessel) 
sailor  (a  seaman) 
salable  or  saleable  (I) 
salary 

salaries  (IV) 
Salisbury 

sanatarium  or  sana- 
torium (Latin 
sanare,  to  heal) 

sanative 

sanatory 
sandwiches  ' 
sanitarium    (Latin 

sanitas,   health;   cf. 

sanatorium,   etc.) 

sanitary 

sanitation 
sapphire 
sarcophagus 
satellite 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS 


136 


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satire  (cf.  satyr) 

sculptor 

serial  (cf .  cereal) 

satirically 

scurrilous 

series 

Saturday  (cf .  Saturn)  secede  (VI) 

serrate 

satyr 

seceding 

serviceable 

Savonarola 

secession 

serving  (III) 

scandalous 

secrecy 

session  (cf .  cession) 

scarcity 

secretary 

severely 

scarlatina 

sedentary 

severity 

scene  (cf .  seen) 

seepage  or  seapage 

sexual 

scenery 

(i) 

Shelley 

schedule 

seize 

shepherd 

scheme 

seizure 

sherbet 

scheming  (III) 

semicolon 

shining  (III) 

schism 

sense  (cf .  since) 

shoeing 

schismatic 

sensible 

shopper 

scholar 

sensitive 

shown  (cf.  shone) 

scholasticism 

sensory 

shredder 

science 

sentence 

shrewdness 

scientifically 

separate  (cf.  apart) 

shrubbery  (II) 

scintilla 

separation 

sibylline 

scintillate 

separatist 

Sicily 

scissors 

separator 

Sicilian 

Scot  (native  of 

sepulcher   or 

siege 

Scotland) 

sepulchre  (I) 

sieve 

Scott,  Sir  Walter 

sepulchral 

sight  (cf.  cite,  site) 

Scottish  (II) 

serf  (cf.  surf) 

silhouette 

scrimmage 

serge  (cf.  surge) 

similar 

scrupulous 

sergeant 

simile 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

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137 


since  (cf.  sense) 

specimen 

stirred  (II) 

sincerely 

spectacles 

stirring 

sincerity 

spectator 

stomach 

sinews 

speculator 

stopped 

sirloin 

speech 

stopper 

site  (cf.  sight,  cite) 

speedometer 

stopping  (II) 

skeleton 

Spencer,  Herbert 

story  (in  England 

skepticism  or  scepti- 

Spenser, Edmund 

storey  is  used  for  a 

cism  (I) 

Spenserian  stanza 

floor  of  a  building) 

skilful  or  skillful  (I) 

spigot 

stories  (IV) 

skyey 

spinach 

straight 

slippery 

spiritual 

strait 

smiling  (III) 

splendor  or 

straitened 

soldier 

splendour  (I) 

stratagem 

solicitor 

squeeze 

strategist 

soliloquy 

squirrel 

strategy 

soliloquies  (IV) 

stationary  (standing) 

strenuous 

solitaire 

stationery    (writing 

strictly 

soluble 

material) 

striped  (III) 

sometimes 

statue 

striping 

sonnet 

stature 

stripped 

sophomore 

statute 

stripping  (II) 

sorcery 

steak  (cf.  stake) 

stroll 

sorcerer 

Stevenson,  Robert 

strychnin   or 

sorghum 

Louis 

strychnine  (I) 

sovereign 

stimulant 

study 

sovereignty 

stimulating 

studies  (IV) 

spacial  or  spatial  (I) 

stimulus 

studious 

ADDITIONAL   WORDS 

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138 


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submitted  (II) 

supervisor 

sycamore 

submission 

suppose 

syllable 

submitting 

supposing 

syllabication 

substantiate 

suppressed 

syllogism 

subterfuge 

supremacy 

symbol  (cf .  cymbal) 

subterranean 

supremely 

symmetry 

suburban 

surcingle 

symmetrical 

succeed  (VI) 

sure 

sympathies  (IV) 

succession 

surely 

synchronous 

successor 

surety 

synonymous 

succinct 

surf  (cf .  serf) 

systematically 

succumb 

surname 

suffocating 

surprise 

tailor 

suffrage 

surprising 

tale  (cf.  tail) 

sugar 

surrender 

tangible 

suggest 

surroundings 

tariff 

suitable 

surveillance 

tearing 

suite  (cf.  sweet) 

surveyor 

technicalities 

sulfur  or  sulphur  (I) 

susceptible 

temperament 

summary 

susceptibility 

temperance 

summaries  (IV) 

suspect  (cf .  expect) 

temperate 

summoned 

suspicion  (never  used  temperature 

supercilious 

as  verb) 

temporary 

superintend 

suspicious 

tenancy 

superintendency 

Sweden 

tenant 

superintendent 

Swedes 

tenantry 

supersede 

swimmer  (II) 

tendency 

superstition 

swimming 

Tennessee 

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139 


Tennyson 

tension 

terrace 

terrapin 

terrible 

terrify 

terrific 

terrified 
territories  (IV) 
testament 
testimony 
Teutons 
Texan 
Thackeray 
theater  or  theatre  (I) 
their  (cf.  there) 
theirs  (cf.  there's) 
theorem 

Thomson,  James 
throne  (cf.  thrown) 
thru  or  through  (I) 
till  (cf.  until) 
tincture 
tingeing 
tissue 
tobacco 

to-day  (Hint  14) 
to-morrow  (Hint  14) 


to-night  (Hint  14) 

toeing 

together 

tolerable 
tolerably 

tolerance 
tolerant 

tomatoes 

tonnage  (II) 

too  (cf.  to,  two) 

torrents 

tortuous  (cf .  torturous) 

torture 
torturous 

tournament 

traceable 

tract  (cf.  track) 

traffic 
trafficker 
trafficking 

tragedy 

tragedies  (IV) 

traitor 

tranquillity 

transferable  or  trans- 
ferable (II) 

transference  or  trans- 
ference (II) 


transferred  (II) 
transferring 

transitive 

transmitted  (II) 
transmissible 
transmitter 
transmitting 

transparent 

trapeze 

traveled  or 
travelled  (I) 
traveler  or 
traveller  (I) 

treachery 
treacherous 

treasure 
treasurer 

tremendous 

tremolo 

tremulous 

trestle 

tries  (IV) 

triple 

troublesome 

troublous 

trousseau 

truly 

tubercular 


ADDITIONAL   WORDS 


140 


LEARN     TO    SPELL 


tuberculosis 

unscrupulous 

verbiage 

Tuesday 

using  (III) 

vermin 

Tuileries 

usually 

vertical 

tumultuous 

usurper 

vessel 

turpentine 

unwieldy 

vestibule 

twenty-one 

vestige 

twingeing 

vacancies  (IV) 

veterinary 

tying 

vaccinated 

vice  (cf.  vise) 

typical 

vaccination 

vicinity 

tyranny 

vaccinator 

vicissitude 

tyrannical 

vacillate 

victim 

tyrannize 

vacillation 

victimize 

vain  {adj.)  (cf.  vein, 

victor 

Ulysses 

vane,  n.) 

victory 

umbrella 

valedictory 

victuals 

unanimity              > 

valedictorian 

vigilance 

unanimous 

valleys  (IV) 

vigilant 

unaccommodating 

vaselin  or  vaseline  (I) 

vigor  or  vigour  (I) 

uncontrollable 

.  vaudeville 

vigorous 

undeniable 

vegetable 

village 

undoubtedly 

vegetation 

villain 

ungrammatical 

vehicle 

villanous  or 

unintelligible 

vein  (a  blood  vessel) 

villainous  (I) 

Unitarian 

venous 

villein  (used  only  of 

unmistakable 

vengeance 

a  serf) 

unmistakably 

venomous  (cf .  venom) 

vinegar 

unnecessary 

ventilate 

violoncello 

until  (cf.  till) 

ventilation 

virtually 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

• 

LEARN    TO    SPELL 


141 


virtue 

whole  (cf.  hole)             writ 

virtuous 

wholly  (cf.  holy)       write    (cf.    right,    ritet 

vise  (cf.  vice) 

whooping-cough               wright) 

visible 

whose  (cf .  who  Js)              writer 

visitor 

wield                                  writing 

vitreous 

wigwagged  (II)                 written 

volcanoes 

wigwagging               writhe 

volumes 

wintry                                writhing  (III) 

voluminous 

wiry                                wrote  (cf.  rote) 

volunteered 

wistaria  or  wisteria  (I)  Wyrd    (Anglo-Saxon 

vulgar 

witty                                 goddess) 

witticism 

warrior 

women                          yacht 

waste  (cf.  waist) 

won't  (cf.  wont,           yeast 

wave  (cf.  waive) 

custom)                     yeoman 

Waverley 

woolen  or  woollen  (I)  yesterday 

wears  (cf.  wares) 

worse                             yield 

weather 

worst                          your  (cf .  yore) 

Wednesday 

worshiped                     yours 

week  (cf.  weak) 

worshiper  or  wor- 

weevil 

shipper  (I)            zealous  (cf.  zeal) 

weird 

wrapped  (cf.  rapped  zigzagged  (II) 

Westminster 

and  rapt)                       zigzagging 

where 

wrapper  (cf .  rapper)     zinc 

whether 

wreak  (cf.  reek)            zinnia 

which 

wreck  (cf .  reck)             zoology  (four  syl- 

whippoorwill  or  whip 

-  wrenches                           lables) 

powill 

wrist 

ADDITIONAL  WORDS 

• 

SUGGESTIONS   TO   TEACHERS 

The  Rules  and  How  to  Use  Them.  The  seven  major  rules  for 
spelling  should  be  mastered  early  in  the  course.  Some  teachers 
do  not  believe  in  teaching  spelling  by  rules.  Rules  for  English 
spelling  are  difficult  to  formulate  and  seem  made  only  to  be  broken 
by  numerous  exceptions.  But  the  seven  major  rules  given  here 
are  certainly  practical  and  helpful  if  one  learns  how  to  apply  them. 
A  rule  that  is  merely  memorized  and  not  fully  understood  in  its 
applications  and  exceptions  may  prove  a  handicap  rather  than 
a  help  in  learning  to  spell.  But  if  a  rule  is  once  clearly  understood 
and  its  application  frequently  practiced,  so  that  the  application 
becomes  "  second  nature,"  it  is  of  vast  service  in  securing  accuracy 
in  spelling.  So  it  is  exceedingly  important  that  the  pupils  know 
the  rules  perfectly.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  take  up  these  rules  in 
daily  lessons,  one  at  a  time,  explaining  and  applying  each  rule 
in  all  its  phases,  using  the  illustrative  words  given  below  the  rule 
as  text  words  in  the  recitation.  When  the  pupils  have  mastered 
the  seven  rules,  the  practice  exercises  illustrating  the  rules  should 
be  taken  up.  To  save  time  in  the  spelling  exercises,  which  come 
later,  the  rules  may  be  referred  to  by  numbers.  The  minor  rules 
may  all  be  taken  in  one  lesson,  though  more  time  should  be  spent 
on  the  exercises  illustrating  these  rules. 

The  Exercises  on  the  Rules.  The  first  thirty  exercises  are 
arranged  to  illustrate  the  seven  major  and  the  seven  minor  rules. 
To  give  variety  some  of  these  exercises  are  oral,  some  written,  and 
some  both  oral  and  written.  In  some  instances  the  pupil  is  sent 
to  the  dictionaries  or  other  books  to  search  for  certain  types  of 
words  or  to  study  word  formation,  but  all  that  is  aimed  at  in  most 
cases  is  the  simple  oral  spelling  exercise  with  thoughtful  comment 
on  the  application  of  the  rules.  Frequent  return  to  "such  of  the 
exercises  as  seem  to  be  most  needed  by  any  particular  grade  will 
be  found  profitable. 

A  List  of  Words  Frequently  Misspelled.  The  words  in  this 
list  have  been  chosen  from  many  years  of  experience  in  reading 
high-school,  normal-school,  and  college  themes.     The  words  have 

142 


SUGGESTIONS    TO   TEACHERS  143 

also  been  checked  and  verified  by  a  number  of  practical  teachers 
of  English  and  of  other  subjects.  Altho  this  list  has  been  com- 
pared with  other  lists,  the  selection  of  the  words  has  been  made 
entirely  on  the  basis  of  experience.  This  list  should  be  divided 
into  five  or  six  lessons  followed  by  many  review  tests.  Complete 
mastery  of  all  the  words  should  be  expected  of  every  pupil.  It  may 
be  desirable  to  require  pupils  to  memorize  the  warnings  in  connec- 
tion with  certain  of  the  words  most  frequently  misspelled. 

The  Special  Lists.  The  material  in  these  lists  has  been  fur- 
nished largely  by  special  teachers  in  high  schools,  normal  schools, 
military  schools,  and  colleges.  In  such  lists  there  will  naturally 
occur  some  technical  words  which  the  pupils  will  not  ordinarily 
meet  except  in  the  study  of  these  special  branches.  If  there  is 
time  for  them,  these  lists  afford  good  practise  tests,  but  ordinarily 
they  should  not  be  assigned  until  the  subjects  have  been  studied 
in  the  high-school  course.  For  example,  the  lists  in  botany  and 
geology  may  be  omitted  in  schools  where  these  subjects  are  not 
taught.  Other  lists  more  general  in  application,  such  as  those 
for  business,  Bible,  mythology,  music,  and  the  like,  should  be  used 
as  practise  lists  even  tho  the  subjects  are  not  a  part  of  the  high- 
school  course. 

The  General  List.  The  general  list  is  arranged  alphabetically 
for  ready  reference  and  may  be  divided  into  lessons,  the  length 
of  the  assignment  being  determined  by  the  individual  teacher. 
This  list  consists  of  words  actually  (and  in  most  cases  frequently) 
misspelled  in  English  themes,  history  papers,  and  written  exer- 
cises in  the  various  high-school  courses.  Not  many  technical 
words  are  included  in  the  general  list,  since  they  appear  in  the 
special  lists  which  precede.  Regular  lessons  should  be  assigned 
to  cover  the  entire  vocabulary  of  this  list.  The  teacher  should 
see  that  each  pupil  records  in  the  blank  spaces  provided  for  that 
purpose  every  word  he  misspells,  a  valuable  means  of  impressing 
the  correct  forms  on  the  child's  mind.  From  time  to  time,  the 
students  should  be  drilled  on  these  words  as  collected  in  their 
notebooks.  In  addition  to  recording  misspelled  words  in  this 
way,  the  pupils  should  be  penalized  by  being  required  to  copy 
each  word  ten  or  twenty  or  any  given  number  of  times,  on  a 
separate  sheet.     It  is  only  by  such  heroic  measures  that  some 


144  SUGGESTIONS    TO    TEACHERS 

students  can  be  compelled  to  learn  spelling,  and  even  with  this 
treatment  much  will  remain  to  be  desired  in  some  of  the  worst 
cases.  English  spelling  is  a  difficult  subject;  we  might  as  well 
admit  this  as  a  proved  proposition  and  go  to  work  to  teach  it 
thoroughly  and  systematically  throughout  the  high-school  course. 
Grading.  There  should  be  cooperative  and  uniform  practice 
among  the  teachers  in  the  matter  of  grading  and  marking  for 
errors  in  spelling  found  in  the  pupils'  written  exercises.  In  mark- 
ing written  quizzes  or  examinations,  in  giving  credit  for  reports, 
notebooks,  or  any  other  written  work,  the  teacher  should  take 
into  account  the  spelling  and  the  general  quality  of  the  English 
used.  Each  faculty  will  need  to  work  out  its  own  plan.  One 
plan  which  has  been  used  successfully  is  given  here  for  suggestion. 
Each  teacher  marks  every  error  in  spelling,  counting  off  two  points 
for  each  misspelled  word.  If  the  same  word  is  misspelled  several 
times,  one  additional  point  is  counted  off  each  time  the  repetition 
occurs.  The  pupils  are  required  in  every  case  to  correct  their 
own  errors  in  spelling.  In  some  schools  two  or  three  points  are 
counted  off  for  each  error  in  spelling,  but  the  pupils  are  given  a 
chance  to  raise  their  grades  one  or  two  points  for  each  error  by 
writing  each  misspelled  word  correctly  twenty  times. 


7  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

EDUCATION  -  PSYCHOLOGY 
LIBRARY 

This  publication  is  due  on  the  LAST  DATE 
stamped  below. 

MAY  2  A  1962 

m  ■''' 

FEB  1  4 1964 

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■  HP  •"»  ^ 

JUN  0  5  2003 

RB  17-60m-8/61 
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